莫里亞克《蝮蛇結》的悲劇內涵及其哲學指歸

法國作家弗朗索瓦．莫里亞克的代表作《蝮蛇結》描寫了資產階級家庭內部夫妻父子等錯綜複雜的家庭關係以及家庭成員之間的貪婪與冷漠，堪稱莫里亞克描寫家庭悲劇的巔峰之作。小說中蘊含的多重悲劇元素根源於前人的影響及作家的人生體驗，並受到社會歷史的多重影響。《蝮蛇結》中的悲劇意識傳遞出作家對自由、存在、宗教等人生重大命題的探索和哲學反思，並形成了作家獨特的悲劇哲學體系。莫里亞克悲劇哲學核心是自我超越論與宗教原罪觀及救贖觀，其宗旨是揭示和證明個性自由心理的反抗和超越，探索精神的救贖和永恆價值，並為精神救贖找到唯一的出路，即上帝的拯救。《蝮蛇結》是莫里亞克將文學創作與宗教觀、哲學觀相結合的一次成功嘗試，它解決了宗教的啟示性和哲學的思辨性之間的矛盾，達到了信仰和精神的融合統一，兼具文學和哲學的雙重價值。

關鍵字

《蝮蛇結》；悲劇內涵；哲學指歸；自我超越；宗教原罪觀；救贖觀

並列摘要

”The Knot of Vipers”, a masterpiece by the French writer François Mauriac, depicts the complicated husband-wife and father-son relationships and shows the greed and indifference within a capitalist family. It can be noted the summit of family tragedy by Mauriac. The multiple tragic elements included in the novel are originated from the impact of the predecessors, the writer's life experiences and the influence of social history. The tragic consciousness contained in this novel presents the author's exploration and reflection on such paramount issues as freedom, existence and religion. It constitutes the author's unique tragedy philosophical system. The core of his tragic philosophy is the theory of self-transcendence, the religious doctrine of original sin and the dogma of salvation. It aims to reveal and justify the psychological resistance and transcendence of individual freedom, explores spiritual salvation and permanent value and to find the only way for spiritual salvation-the salvation of God. ”The Knot of Vipers” is a successful attempt to integrate religious and philosophical ideology into literary creation. It resolves the contradiction between religious revelation and philosophical speculation, and gains the unity between faith and spirit, thus embodies itself the literary and philosophical values.