馬雷夏與朗尼根對超驗觀念的承繼與轉化

Maréchal and Lonergan's Inheritance and the Transformation of the Concepts of Transcendence

陳文祥(Wen-Hsiang Chen)

《哲學與文化》 41卷9期 (2014/09) Pp. 101-116

摘要

超驗多瑪斯主義作為當代新士林哲學重要學派之一，具有兼容近代主體轉向之哲學思潮與補充多瑪斯形上學傳統之優勢。一方面，其學說普遍認同康德對主體意識之研究並肯定其對先驗機能存在之論證；另一方面，其重新揭露並體認多瑪斯已深入探究但未被仔細詮釋之主體主動認識能力，並據之肯定以人的探問與暸悟能力作為超驗主體與絕對超驗者之間的中介，以構成超驗能力達到存有本身之證論。闡明這樣的理論承繼與轉化構成本文的主要目的。本文討論超驗多瑪斯主義之主要代表人物－馬雷夏與郎尼根對康德之超驗觀念與方法的融會與批判，並扣緊其側重之不同面向之研究。本文認為，馬雷夏以其「形上批判」補充康德之「超驗批判」、而郎尼根以「洞察」的觀念切入人的超驗性，以及二者共同肯定認知機能中的動態機能與「判斷」作用，作為人的存有之超驗性本質，以此突破康德之直觀主義，是二者在超驗哲學面向中對康德之超驗方法卓有貢獻之理論補足。

關鍵字

超驗方法 ； 超驗多瑪斯主義 ； 馬雷夏 ； 拉內 ； 郎尼根

並列摘要

As an important school of contemporary neo-scholasticism, transcendental Thomism had the merit of incorporating contemporary philosophical trend of subjective turn and the supplement of Aquinas' traditional metaphysics. On the one hand, its thesis generally recognized Kant's study of subject consciousness and affirm its argument about the existence of transcendental functions; on the other hand, Thomism re-revealed and understood an subject's active cognitive power and approved man's inquisitive and comprehensive power as the medium between the transcendental subject and the absolute transcendentalist in order to construct the argument of achieving being through transcendental power. This article is mainly meant to explicate the inheritance and transformation of such a theory. It discusses the major Thomists- Maréchal and Lonergan's comprehensive and critical study about Kant's concepts and methods of transcendence, and focuses on the studies of different aspects. This article maintains that, Maréchal used his ＂metaphysical critique＂ to supplement Kant's ＂transcendental critique＂. And Lonergan used the concept of ＂insight＂ to point out the transcendental properties of men. They both affirm that the dynamic functions and the use of ＂critique＂ in the faculties of cognitivities are the transcendental essence of the being of men. In this manner they surmount Kant's intuitionism. And in the aspect of transcendental philosophy they supplement Kant's transcendental methods with a distinction.

並列關鍵字

transcendental methods ； Transcendental Thornism ； Maréchal ； Rahner ； Lonergan

參考文獻

Cottingham, John(1998).The Rationalists.New York:Oxford University Press.

Marmion, Declan(Ed.),Hines, Mary(Ed.)(2005).The Cambridge Companion to Karl Rahner.Cambrige:Cambrige University Press.

Kant, Immanuel,Smith, Norman Kemp(Trans.)(1965).Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.New York:St. Martin's Press.

Kerr, Fergus(2007).Twentieth-century Catholic Theologians: From Neo-Scholasticism to Nuptial Mysticism.Malden:Blackwell Publishing.

Lonergan, Bernard(1957).Insight: A Study of Human Understanding.London:Longman & Todd.