療遇時刻：理心術與療癒的多重文化交叉論述

「心理治療」論述在現代漢語中可以有多種翻譯和理解方式，治療師、心理師可以是「理心士」，而當治療的「病理」與「道理」能一併考慮時，也可將過去的醫病關係改稱為「療遇」。但這些漢語的重新鑄造，其要點在於一方面讓來自西方的心理治療論述可以徹底漢語化，但另一方面也要避免「漢化」中趨向民俗治療而產生的「巫化」問題。對此問題的實質檢視，在本文中是以兩位倡導本土人文臨床方法的研究者余德慧、余安邦為例，用批判詮釋的觀點予以重新反思，果然發現其療遇型態中都難免雜有某種巫形構的陰影。為了進一步闡明巫形構的問題，作者進入有關巫／聖之別對於人文療遇之重要分野的討論。其中含有後現代論述中關於「可陳顯」與「不可陳顯」的文本難題。但若將此難題挪移到現代大學的體制中，毫無疑問，我們所必須追求的是聖傳統而非巫傳統，但這種「毫無疑問」中其實正包涵著弔詭的顛倒。當代知識人在高等教育中所受的教育（特別在華語世界）中，早已包涵著諸多不自覺的巫形構知識。回到理心術，也就是心理治療的知識技術領域中，可以更明顯地理解這些交叉論述的難以避免。我們在當代知識體系中，有必要以傳統儒學和心理治療的基本理論，即動力心理學（或精神分析）作出互相接合，以便能清楚地陳顯我們所持的巫神學，乃至重新透過易傳玄學傳統而再與聖學接合，使我們的理心士能夠再度成為聖人之徒。

關鍵字

心理治療；人文臨床；巫形構；理心術；聖／巫之辨

並列摘要

When ＂psychotherapy＂ as one of the necessary streams of modernity discourse appears in our (Chinese) knowledge system, there also emerges a lot of confusion and misunderstanding both about western psychotherapy and our traditional spiritual healing. We have to restart our psychotherapy as a way of traditional healing encounter, and at the same time to scrutinize the occultational discourse hidden in this tradition. Two contemporary cases of healing encounter research have been critically examined and reinterpreted. On such basis, we are able to enter the realm of Chinese sage/shaman discourse, to see their origin as the same, and their development as distinctly different in terms of their meaning in the structure of knowledge, especially its implication for our modem higher education system. It is a truism that modem Chinese knowledge system, here in the field of psychology, we have followed the sage tradition rather than the shaman tradition. What's presented and what's unpresented are not easy to discern, hence the continual and unwitting confusion about our knowledge per se. For the sake of enhancing our psychotherapy know ledge, we are obliged to develop a theological discourse both about the shaman tradition and the sage tradition. A comparison of the I-Ching metaphysics and the psychoanalytic metapsychology is tentatively proposed, so that a truly indigenous as well as modern-postmodern discussion about the healing encounter we are expecting can be substantively started.