文學倫理學批評：新的文學批評選擇

文學倫理學批評是一種從倫理視角尋找構成文學文本及文學意義的倫理因子並藉此解讀、分析和闡釋文學的批評方法，它從起源上把文學看成倫理的產物，認為文學是特定歷史階段社會倫理的表達形式，其價值就在於能夠為人類文明進步提供經驗和教誨。文學倫理學批評力圖借助倫理選擇解決達爾文的自然選擇未能解決的有關人的本質問題，認為自然選擇是通過進化和生存鬥爭進行，而倫理選擇是通過教誨實現，文學則是用於教誨的工具。文學倫理學批評以倫理選擇為理論基礎建構自己的學術批評話語，如倫理身份、倫理選擇、倫理環境、倫理解構、獸性因子、人性因子、自由意志、理性意志等，形成了文學倫理學批評的語話體系。運用文學倫理學批評的術語解讀文學，可以更深入地理解文學和評價文學，發掘文學的倫理價值，獲得新的觀點和結論。

關鍵字

文學倫理學批評；倫理選擇；自然選擇；倫理身份；獸性因子；人性因子

並列摘要

Ethical literary criticism is a literary methodology that analyzes, interprets and evaluates literary work through a close examination of the ethical elements which construct the structure and meaning of literally texts. It holds that literature originates from ethical need s of human beings and emphasizes that literature is an expression of ethics in a specific socio-historical context. The underlying idea is that the value of literature embodies in its eligibility to provide experience, enlightenment and instruction to readers for the benefit of human progress. Ethical literary criticism aims to deal with the issues concerning the human essence unanswered in Darwinian evolution or ＂survival of fittest＂ by natural selection. While the origin of species is by means of natural selection, the ethical teaching-with literature as its tool and medium-is realized by ethical selection. Informed by the logic of ethical selection, ethical literary criticism is an academic discipline with its distinctive intellectual discourse centering around the key terms such as ethical identity, ethical selection, ethical environment, ethical deconstruction, animal factor, human factor, free will, rational will and so on. Reading literary texts by ethical literary criticism will uncover the ethical elements determining the value of literature and challenge the already accepted comments and conclusions. As such, it provides a means of coming to a new understanding of literary texts and of re-examining the inherent ethical values.