論老子的倫理思想

說道家一般地反對道德是一個很大的誤會。老子具有豐富、深刻和清晰的倫理思想，主要包括：以道作為初始原則，提出了一種中國語言意義上的道德形而上學原理；對道德自我的建構和功能提出了一系列論述；批判道德名教的異化，兼及對道德異化的檢討；區分了知性知識與德性知識、知性能力與德性能力，對知性在德性領域裡的濫用展開了深入的檢討；針對早期儒家親親有等的仁愛觀，他提出了更廣泛、更具超越性的慈愛原則；最後，他的倫理思想對現代環境哲學具有一定的啟迪意義。

關鍵字

老子；倫理思想；形而上學；道德自我；德性；慈愛

並列摘要

There is a pervasive misunderstanding among people that Daoism stands against any kind of moral ethics. In fact, Laozi, himself, had a fully formed, distinct and profound moral ideology. He presented a moral and metaphysical principle of Chinese linguistic significance by applying Dao as the original principle. And also, he produced a series of elaboration about the construction and function of moral self. He also criticized the alienation of the Confucian ethical code, meanwhile he reviewed the alienation of ethics. Laozi distinguished between forms of intellectual knowledge and forms of moral knowledge, as well as intellectual ability and the ability to be virtuous. He initiated a penetration inspecting of intellectual abuse within the areas of virtue and morality. He developed an extensive and transcendent principle of benevolence to stand against the view of view of benevolence, which is differentiation of love, in early Confucians. Finally, his moral ideology has enlightened the modem environmental philosophical discourse.