- 期刊
全球化脈絡下中國大陸儒學傳播策略之分析：以「孔子學院」發展為觀察
An Analytic Research on the Communication Strategies of Confucianism in Mainland China within the Context of Globalization: A Case Study of the Confucius Institute
摘要
在文化全球化發展趨勢下，西方國家以其雄厚的經濟資源挾帶文化力量滲透進入發展中國家，對中國政府形成嚴重威脅。近十餘年來，大陸當局積極回應文化全球化競爭，努力擴大其文化傳播影響力，而遍設海外的孔子學院即被認為是中國政府融合文化力與政治力，向世界擴展其柔性政權的重要機制。儘管部分地區的孔子學院陸續遭到質疑，但在大陸當局投入大量資源積極發展下，孔子學院佈建全球的文化影響力已不容小覷，連帶推進儒學文化走向世界，儒學傳播也朝向國際普及目標發展。本研究即在上述背景中，從文化全球化角度出發，藉由相關文獻及公開資訊中整理出中國儒學傳播所遭遇的三大困境，包括儒學主體性之爭議困境、中國弱勢文化與西方強勢文化之衝突困境、以及中國傳播管理制度過度僵化，不利對外進行文化傳播之困境等。而本研究以孔子學院運作現況做為觀察，並且從政治、經濟、文化等各領域的孔子學院相關研究文獻中，綜合發現其解決上述儒學傳播困境之四項策略，包括強調儒學價值觀的實用性，因地制宜保持儒學傳播彈性；透過多樣化的傳播通路，提高儒學傳播效果；提出符合市場性的儒學傳播內容，打造文化經濟強國；以及打破傳統黨國支配的傳播模式，允許當地合作對造彈性自主。總的來說，本研究認為在全球化背景下，不平等的跨文化傳播模式確實造成儒學向國際傳播之阻力，但透過全球孔子學院彈性多樣態的組織經營，以及官方某種程度上允許傳播自主性，同步提供中國儒學參與全球跨文化傳播之可能契機。
並列摘要
Under the trends of cultural globalization, western countries have infiltrated into developing countries by employing their strong economic and cultural force resources and thus pose a serious threat to the China's government. For responding to this cultural-globalization competition, the mainland China's authorities have strived to actively expand Chinese cultural influence for over ten years. The establishment of Confucius Institute is regarded as the key mechanism by which mainland China integrates her cultural and political power and expands her soft regime to the world. Although the legitimacy of some Confucius Institutes has been challenged, the cultural influence of Confucius Institutes should not be denied. Generally, as the establishment of Confucius Institutes has promoted Confucianism culture to the world, the Confucianism Communication has also stepped into the international and global level. This study searches out three difficulties from the perspectives of cultural globalization, including those dilemmas resulting from the dispute of Confucianism subjectivity, the conflict between Chinese and Western culture, and the over rigid situation of communication system in China. By observing the operation of the Confucius Institutes, this paper finds that four communication strategies have been adopted by China government to promote her cultural competitiveness. These strategies contain (1) emphasizing the practicability of Confucian values for maintaining the communicative flexibility to suit local circumstances, (2) improving the effects of Confucianism communication through diverse transmission approaches, (3) promoting the compatibility between the content of Confucian communication and the market demands in order to build China into a cultural power, and (4) decentralizing the power of Confucianism communication by transferring its traditional mode of party-state control. To sum up, the study agrees that the mode of unequal intercultural communication does generate some extent of resistance for spreading the Confucianism to international platform; however, it also provides Confucianism with opportunities to participate in global cross-cultural communication while the diverse operation and autonomy of Confucianism communication have been allowed by Chinese authorities.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
- 徐蕙萍（2015）。自文化間傳播視角探論中共推展「孔子學院」的問題與因應作法。復興崗學報，(106)，135-156。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=04298063-201506-201507030013-201507030013-135-156
- 戴紹安（2014）。中國文化軟實力政策研究-以國家漢辦下的孔子學院為例〔碩士論文，淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2014.01070
- 楊以彬（2007）。儒家文化與中共柔性權力：以廣設「孔子學院」為例。展望與探索月刊，5(7)，23-47。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20200116001-200707-202003180010-202003180010-23-47
- 林政逸（2014）。中國大陸高校孔子學院發展現況之研究。學校行政，(94)，142-154。https://doi.org/10.3966/160683002014110094007
- 徐蕙萍、徐亞萍（2008）。An Introductory Study of China's Extensive Set up of "Confucius Institutes" Overseas-An Observation from an Intercultural Communication Perspective。復興崗學報，(92)，269-296。https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.200812.0011