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從循環、代勝到主從、尊卑-戰國、秦、漢陰陽五行說的源起與演變

From Cycles and Daisheng to Principality/Subordination and Superiority/Inferiority

摘要


春秋戰國以下,原本意涵素樸也各有來歷的陰陽、五行說結合,能量放大,性質也有了轉變。從傳世與近年出土先秦兩漢文獻看來,基本上是循著黃老道家「因陰陽之大順」的方向,重在自然的消長、代勝與政事的順時操作。至漢儒董仲舒,轉為雙軌發展:既承繼黃老重自然消長輪替與生勝之理,又賦天以人性、神格,並吸收法家單向的尊君卑臣思想,將陰陽說移論人事倫理,轉出了絕對主從尊卑的「三綱」說。

關鍵字

陰陽 五行 相生相勝 尊卑 循環 郭店楚簡 鄒衍 管子 十二紀 時則 黃帝四經

並列摘要


Since the Periods of Spring-Autum and Warring-States, the doctrines of yin/yang and five elements have been combined, expanded and transformed in nature. In view of the surviving and recently excavated documents from the the Pre-Qin Period and the Han Dynasty, the combined doctrines basically followed the Huang-Lao Taoist orientation of "compiling with the natural rules of yin/yang," focusing on the fluctuaiton of nature, rotation and the timely manipulation of governmental affairs. In the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhong-shu developed them on two tracks, balancing between the Huang-Lao Taoist princples of natural fluctatiaon, alteration and conquests and the Legalist concept about the superior ruler and inferior subjects.

參考文獻


周不詳人。重刊宋本毛詩注疏。臺北:藝文印書館。
周左丘明、三國吳韋昭注。國語韋昭注。臺北:藝文印書館。
周荀卿、唐楊注、清王先謙集解(1973)。荀子集解。臺北:藝文印書館。
漢司馬遷、宋裴駰集解。史記集解。臺北:藝文印書館。
秦呂不韋編、許維遹集釋(1977)。呂氏春秋集釋等五書.上。臺北:鼎文書局。

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