清華《筮法》卦位圖所見陰陽觀

中國傳統陰陽學說的歷史十分悠久，但是在對南北二方陰陽性質的表現上，不同知識體系之間卻存在著難以協調的矛盾。其在時空與天文體系中呈現為南陽北陰，而在易數體系中則又呈現為南陰北陽。這兩種不同的陰陽觀深刻影響著中國文化，同時也為對相關禮儀與祭祀制度的理解帶來困擾。清華大學所藏戰國竹書《筮法》卦位圖保留了一種前所未見的卦位形式，解決了南北陰陽的矛盾。本文綜合考古與文獻資料，對《筮法》卦位圖反映的基於天文、時空、易數體系所形成的五行與陰陽問題進行了探索。

關鍵字

戰國竹書；《筮法》；天文；時空；五行；陰陽；八卦方位；南北陰陽

並列摘要

The traditional Chinese ＂yin/yang＂ theory has a long history, but there has been difficulty in reconciling the contradictions between different knowledge systems in terms of reflecting the property of yin /yang by the directions of south and north. In the system of Time & Space and Astronomy, yang is matched with south and ＂yin＂ with north, while in the system of Yishu (Numbers in the ＂Yi＂), yang is matched with north and yin with south. These two different ＂yin/yang＂ notions have profoundly influenced the Chinese culture, and caused troubles in understanding relevant ritual and sacrificial institutions. The diagram of Eight Trigram directions of the ＂Shifa＂ (Divination Methods) in the Tsinghua Collection of Bamboo Slip Manuscripts of the Warring States period preserves an unprecedented form of Eight Trigram directions and provides solution to the previous difficulty. In combining archaeological materials with historical documents, this paper explores the issues of ＂wu-xing＂ (the five elements) and ＂yin/yang＂ formed on the base of the systems of Time & Space, Astronomy and Yishu as reflected in the diagram of Eight Trigram directions of the ＂Shifa＂.

並列關鍵字

Bamboo Slip Manuscripts of the Warring States Period ；＂Shifa＂ (Divination Methods) ； Astronomy ； Time & Space ；＂Wu-xing＂ (The Five Elements) ；＂Yin/Yang＂； Eight Trigram Directions ； Eight Trigram Directions ； South-north and ＂Yin/Yang＂