論〈三德〉之陰陽思想

〈三德〉之中亟言天常、天時、天禮、天命，並強調應順天之常，以合乎自然之道；若反之，陽而幽，幽而陽，則必遇凶殃。曹峰以為偏於道，范常喜、歐陽禎人以為近於儒。王中江則以〈三德〉在道家之自然理性與儒家之人文理性之外，亦具有宗教神意論色彩。前賢諸說雖各有其是，然不從更原始之陰陽（陽幽）思想進行討論，則難明究竟。故而本文乃從陰陽思想之本義、引申義以及假借義，以論斷全篇思想之主軸在於不同層次之陰陽思想呈現。

關鍵字

〈三德〉；陰陽思想；〈四代〉；〈夏小正〉；天道自然；人事因應；政治運用

並列摘要

＂Three Virtues＂ talked about the heavenly norms, the heavenly timing, the heavenly propriety, and the heavenly decrees, emphasizing that the heavenly norms had to be obeyed in order to suit the ways of nature. If not, light would become darkness, and darkness life; then catastrophes would be inevitable. Cao Feng considered ＂Three Virtues＂ to be close to Taoism; Fan Chang-xi and Ou-yang Zhen thought it was more Confucian. Wang Zhong-jiang saw that, more than the natural reason of Taoism and the humanistic reason of Confucianism, ＂Three Virtues＂ also possessed religious providentialism. Though all these scholars' arguments were legitimate to a certain degree, we could hardly understand ＂Three Virtues＂ without inquiring its origin, the thought of yin/yang (light and darkness). In this article, we discuss the original meanings, extended meanings and borrowed meanings of ying-yang in order to judge how it is presented throughout the text.

並列關鍵字

＂Three Virtues＂； Thought of Yin/Yang ；＂The Four Dynasties＂；＂The Small Calendar of the Xia＂； The Heavenly Way and the Nature ； Artificial Suitability ； Political Application