二十世紀中國哲學與二十一世紀中國哲學

二十世紀的中國哲學樣彩風華，中西交流，傳統重現，新意競起，然而，中國哲學從二十世紀走到二十一世紀，作為被理解與待詮釋的哲學，就它自身的發展而言，有多大的進步呢？總結過去一整個世紀的成果，只有以哲學基本問題為進路的研究尚有推進中國哲學自身義理創造的理論功效，其他所有的研究，可以說只有研究者自己認識能力的成長的意義而已，本文提出宇宙論、本體論、工夫論、境界論的四方架構。以總收哲學基本問題的研究法，有別於以西方哲學模型和中國概念範疇進路的研究方法，作為使中國各學派的理論以系統性的理論架構被陳述的哲學建構方法。然而，中國哲學義理自身的證立問題，卻是下一個更重要的理論發展問題。實踐哲學各學派只能是互為主觀的學說，客觀性義理推演只發生在系統內部，各家都是價值的自我認定與實踐的創造而有的理論與現實的成果，不同學派之間沒有否證彼此的條件。至於實踐者的實踐成果之印證，信念相同者才有印證的故意，沒有誠意的他人，也無法印證。就印證的學說而言，儒道的《人物志》、《菜根譚》所說甚深，佛教禪宗的公案也正是印證的作品，研究這些作品可以深入中國哲學理輸對實踐者實踐成果的衡量智慧。只有在中國哲學理論的系統性架構之建立，才能讓中國哲學社哲學地建立起束，只有對中國哲學的實踐特質提出有性的峙詮理論，才有中國哲學證立自身的義理發展。作為實踐哲學的真理觀﹒面對三教辯證的義理檢擇，這都是知識論的課題，發展中國哲學知識論的議題，是從二十世紀面對理解問題走向二十一世紀面對證立問題的再創造。

關鍵字

實踐哲學；思辨哲學；檢證；如識論；形上學；四方架構

並列摘要

The Chinese philosophy of the twentieth century was colorful, intcrtl owing with western philosophy, re-presenting tradition and creative. However, from the twentieth century to the twenty-first century, how much has Chinese philosophy progressed as a philosophy to be understood and interpreted? Concluding the results of the last century, only the studies that approached the fundamental questions of philosophy facilitated the argumentation of Chinese philosophy, while other studies facilitated only the students' cognitive abilities. Here we propose a square framework made out of cosmology, ontology, the theory of self-cultivation and the theory of perfection to summarize the methods to study the fundamental quest ions of philosophy. Unlike the western approach of philosophical models and the Chinese approach of conceptual categories, this is a philosophy-constructing method that can state the various schools of Chinese philosophy through a systematical framework of theories However, the justification of the argumentation of Chinese philosophy itself is the next and more important issue in the development of theories The varied schools of practical philosophy arc nothing but inter-subjective doctrines. while objective argumentative deduction occurs only within the system. All the different schools are the theoretical and practical results of the self-recognition of values and the creation of practice, and these schools have no grounds to refute one another. As for the verification of the practitioner's practical results, only people who share the same faiths arc sincere enough to verify, while the insincere other is unable to do that Regarding the doctrine of verification, the texts of Records of Personages (Ren Wu Zhi) and Vegetable Root Discourse (Tsai Gen Tan) are quite profound. while the Buddhist zen stories (koan) are exactly the stories that corroborate the practitioner' s practical results, and one can understand the wisdom of Chinese philosophical theories in measuring the practitioner's practical results. Chinese philosophy can be constructed philosophically only when the systematic framework of the theories about Chinese philosophy is constructed; the argumentative development of Chinese philosophy can be justified only when solid theories are proposed to verify the practical features of Chinese philosophy. As the view of truth about practical philosophy, in face of the debate between Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, this is a epistemological issue. an issue about the development of the epistemology of Chinese philosophy, as well as a recreation of the question-understanding of the twentieth century and the question-justification of the twenty-first century.