創生與化生：從人類起源角度探究中西哲學之融合困境及其可能性——以「創世記」為視角

中西哲學關於「本體論」的劇烈論爭反映了中西哲學深層次對談的典型困境，以「創世記」為視角可以從起源角度揭示中西哲學深層分歧與對談困境的內在緣由。就中西經典文獻來看，西方以「創世記」為代表形成了「創生」模式，而中國的傳世文獻關於世界和人的生成是「化生」模式。人世起源上的「創生」與「化生」模式導致了中西思維方式上的深刻歧異，「創生」模式導致「主客二分」的思維方式，「化生」模式形成的思維方式則是「天人合一」；思維方式的歧異從根源處導致了中西哲學對談與融合的深層困境。困境化解的可能性是基於理性層面，逐漸養成物質—精神、思維—存在、主體—客體此種清晰的理性思維方式。由此中西哲學融合不是「西化」而是基於人性自身的充實與完善，因此不僅是可能的而且是必要的。

關鍵字

本體論；創生；化生；思維方式

並列摘要

Heated debates over ontology between western philosophy and Chinese philosophy reflect typical predicaments facing these two philosophy systems, which hold different views regarding ＂the origin of human beings＂- the intrinsic reason that leads to divergent ideas and communication difficulties. Western canons show that ＂the book of Genesis＂ serves as the foundation of the creation of human beings whereas ＂evolution＂ is the underscoring force driving the growth of the world and human beings. Creation and Evolution result in the fundamental differences that set western ways of thinking from those of the Chinese. Creation brings about subject-object dichotomy while evolution gives rise to oneness of heaven and man. Intrinsic divergences in ways of thinking cause predicaments when these two systems attempt to communicate and integrate. To overcome the difficulties, rationality might be the foundation that allows the cultivation of clear ways of thinking that distinguishes material matters from spiritual ones, thinking from existence and subjects from objects. The integration of western and Chinese philosophy systems, therefore, is not a process of westernization, but one that fulfills and perfects human nature. Hence, the integration is not only possible but also imperative.