Benjamin developed a materialist aesthetics in the early 20th century and advocated that traditional artworks have a special kind of property called "aura." He asserted that the aura of traditional artworks will gradually fade away, because the uniqueness of artwork would entirely disappear due to the threat of large number of mechanical reproductions made by photography. This is Benjamin’s famous "theory of aura’s decline." Whereas contemporary studies neglect the factor of historical materialism in Benjamin’s aesthetics so commonly, that they could hardly interpret basic concepts of his aesthetic thought systematically, this article attempts to reconstruct Benjamin’s theory of aura’s decline under the context of his historical materialism.