絜矩之道：「抒情」的哲學維度

The Way of Empathy in Moderation: Philosophical Dimension of ＂Expressing Passions＂

蘇嫈雰(Ying-Fen SU)

《哲學與文化》 44卷1期 (2017/01) Pp. 71-85

摘要

本文肯定「情」是人的本性，但發之不當，常至害事，如何抒情表達得宜是值得深究的問題。首先探討人為何會因抒情而為情所困，被情所傷進行分析。首段澄清「情」的根源義，包含性、情、欲的關係，及以「惡」與「毋」為例談情與抒情的原則。其次，談抒情的「絜矩之道」，包括誠（忠於己）與信（對人恕）。接續，提出「習」對抒情的重要性，包含透過「知」和「思」能「習」得理其情的「絜矩之道」，還要「化成自然」出入表達「絜矩之道」成為習慣。最終，肯定《郭店楚簡》〈性自命出〉：「理其情而出入之，然後復以教」的觀點，給予後人重情善表的典範，也確實傳達「情深而文明」的人文價值。

關鍵字

絜矩之道 ； 抒情 ； 誠（忠於己） ； 信（對人恕） ； 習

並列摘要

With the affirmation that ＂passions＂ is the nature of man; however, if the passions are not expressed appropriately, they can also be harmful to man as well. How to express passions appropriately is an issue worthy of discussion. This essay begins with the discussion and the analysis on why a person can be disturbed and hurt by passions when expressing them. Firstly, the essay is to clarify the word root of ＂passion＂, including the relations among nature, passion, and desire as well as the principle of expressing passions by enumerating ＂what one dislikes/惡＂ and ＂refraining from doing it unto others/毋＂ as examples. Secondly, the essay is to talk about ＂the way of empathy in moderation＂ when expressing passions, a way which includes sincerity (be loyal to oneself) and faithfulness (be compassionate to others). Thirdly, the essay proposes the importance of ＂habit＂ in expressing passions: ＂knowing＂ and ＂thinking＂ is indispensible to one's acquisition of ＂habit＂ in learning ＂the way of empathy in moderation＂; one has to ＂assimilate oneself into nature＂ and cultivates the habit of expressing ＂the way of empathy in moderation＂. Finally, this essay is to affirm the viewpoint presented in ＂Nature Emerges from Life＂ in the Guodian Chu Slips, ＂One must temper passion with reason before expressing or receiving it, and then it should be seasoned with ritual.＂ This viewpoint provides us with a model of ＂passion to be stressed and to be well expressed＂ and with a humanistic value on the humanistic way of ＂passion deep and ritual clear＂.

並列關鍵字

The Way of Empathy in Moderation ； Expressing Passions ； Sincerity (Be Loyal to Oneself) ； Faithfulness (Be Compassionate to Others) ； Habit

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