洞察與豁然貫通：郎尼根與朱熹論認知之心及其本性

Insight and Epiphany: Lonergan's and Zhu Xi's Cognitive Minds and Their Natures

陳文祥(Wen-Hsiang CHEN)

《哲學與文化》 44卷3期 (2017/03) Pp. 155-172

摘要

在認知理論的領域中， 郎尼根（Bernard Lonergan,1904-1984）提出了一套明確的模式，讓人得以從體認個別存有到存有本身，為當代認識論提供了具有說服力的典型。另一方面，中國最具影響力哲學家之一朱熹（1130-1200），則發展了一套成熟的格物致知理論。二者在認知論中具有相類的論說內涵，特別是在「洞察」與「豁然貫通」這兩個主要觀點上。本文首先擬藉著分析二者在概念上的異同，爬梳其思想特徵及其主要旨趣；其次，分析二者在主體進路與本體進路的側重所導致的理論分歧。最後，結論出由於二者的理論基礎與方法的不同，而使二者的理路走向有著內在超越與外在超越之別。本文概分四節討論此一論題：一為析辨二者理論的特徵及其側重；二為析論郎尼根對主客認識與洞察的觀點；三為朱子討論格物與豁然貫通的論點；最後則為討論二者的歧異並做出結論。

關鍵字

郎尼根 ； 朱熹 ； 認知結構 ； 洞察 ； 豁然貫通 ； 存有 ； 理

並列摘要

In the field of epistemological theories, Bernard Lonergan brought out a specific and convincing model for contemporary epistemology which enables one to experience from an individual's being to being itself. On the other hand, Zhu Xi, one of the most influential philosophers in China, developed a sophisticated theory of ＂attaining knowledge by investigating things.＂ Lonergan and Zhu Xi are markedly similar to one another in the field of epistemology, especially on the concepts of ＂insight＂ and ＂epiphany.＂ First, we will analyze the similarities and distinctions between their concepts by sorting out the characteristics and themes of their thoughts. Second, we will analyze the theoretical divergence between them as the results of their respective emphases on the subject the being. Finally, it is concluded that, due to the differences in their theoretical foundations and methodologies, one of them is marked by internal transcendence while the other is marked by external transcendence.

並列關鍵字

Lonergan ； Zhu Xi ； Cognitive Structure ； Insight ； Epiphany ； Being ； Li

參考文獻

成中英()。

朱熹，《大學章句》。

朱熹，《朱子語類》。

牟宗三(1979)。心體與性體。臺北:正中書局。

李明輝()。