The Political Orientation of the Malayan Communist Party: Entanglement of its Ethnic and Nationalist Dimensions

馬共的政治導向：原鄉情結和本土身分認同的糾纏

陳穆紅(Helen Mu Hung TING)

《哲學與文化》 44卷5期 (2017/05) Pp. 43-65

摘要

This article examines the political orientation of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) as well as the ethnic and political identities of its selected leaders and members who were ethnic Chinese. Till today, the interpretation of the MCP political struggle in the Malaysian history of independence remains contentious. Despite the 1989 Peace Treaty, Chin Peng, the last MCP secretary-general who was a local born ethnic Chinese, was disallowed to return to Malaysia to live with his family. In response, Chin Peng stated that, ＂It is ironic that we, who fought for our country's independence and were more than willing to die for it, should now be denied entry and residence to die in our motherland.＂ Yet some historians dismissed MCP as a ＂Chinese party＂ whose loyalty and orientation were influenced by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). MCP itself acknowledged that it started as an ＂overseas branch＂ of the CCP. Government history textbooks portrayed the anti-Japanese Occupation campaign by the MCP as a mere extension of the Chinese nationalist response to Sino-Japanese war in 1937. How do these perspectives reconcile with the position of Chin Peng as mentioned above? This article demonstrates that the MCP was by all intent and purposes a Malaya-oriented nationalist party, notwithstanding its predominantly ethnic Chinese membership and the political ambiguity of some of its members.

關鍵字

Malayan Communist Party ； Nationalism ； Ethnic Identity

並列摘要

本文考察馬來亞共產黨的政治導向，以及黨內的華裔領導人和成員的族群與政治身份。至今，確定馬共的政治鬥爭對馬來亞獨立的貢獻仍有爭議。與大馬政府簽了和平條約之後，黨的秘書長，陳平，仍被禁止入境。他因此而說，「為國家獨立而鬥爭，並願意為此犧牲生命的我們，竟被拒絕回去祖國定居老死；這是一個歷史的諷刺。」但是一些學者仍認為它是一個導向受到中共影響的「中國政黨」。而馬共承認它當初成立時是中共的一個「海外分支」。馬共在二戰時的反日抗戰運動也被認為是起源於中日戰爭的中國民族主義的延伸。這些觀點如何與上述陳平的立場協調？本文將論證馬共的確是一個以馬來亞民族主義為主導的政黨。

並列關鍵字

馬共 ； 民族主義 ； 族群身份認同

參考文獻

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