清華簡《湯在啻門》所見「五」的觀念研究

On the Concept of ＂Number Five＂ in Tang zai chi men of the Tsinghua University Bamboo Manuscripts

曹峰(Feng CAO)

《哲學與文化》 44卷10期 (2017/10) Pp. 45-62

摘要

《湯在啻門》在討論「何以成人？何以成邦？何以成地？何以成天？」等人世間最為根本的問題時，大量使用「五」的觀念，而且出現了「水、火、金、木、土」的排列，可見此文具有明確的「五行」意識。通過比較其它傳世文獻及出土文獻，可以發現《湯在啻門》的「水、火、金、木、土」屬「地」之五行系統，已經具有「尚土」意識，但未見相生相剋觀念的使用。《湯在啻門》處於這樣一個歷史階段，即開始積極使用「五行」來解答天地人之間所有的問題，但「五行」還不是唯一的、最高的標準。《湯在啻門》可能屬春秋晚期或戰國前期的作品。

關鍵字

《湯在啻門》 ； 五 ； 五行 ； 尚土 ； 相生相剋

並列摘要

Tang zai chi men uses the concept of ＂Number Five＂ to discuss the fundamental and universal questions: What makes people? What makes a state? What makes the earth? What makes the heaven? In the process of the discussion, the concept of ＂Number Five＂ was mentioned frequently and the ranking ＂water, fire, metal, wood, earth＂ also appears .Therefore, this text demonstrates an awareness of the concept of ＂Five Phrases＂. Unlike the other survived and unearthed texts of the same period, we can see that ＂water, fire, metal, wood, earth＂ in Tang zai chi men adheres to a ground-based ＂Five Phrases＂ system, which exalts earth among the five phrases. We can also see that the concept of ＂mutually producing and mutually overcoming＂ (Xiang sheng xiang ke) had not yet been developed. Tang zai chi men belongs to a period: the concept of ＂Five Phrases＂ was used to interpret all problems in the world, but it was not the unique and highest principle. Tang zai chi men is probable to be a work in the late Spring and Autumn period, or the early Warring States period.

並列關鍵字

Tang Zai Chi Men ； Five ； ＂Number Five＂ ； ＂Exaltation of Earth＂ ； ＂Mutually Producing and Mutually Overcoming＂

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