Globalization as the Locus of Humanity

全球化作為人性的軌跡

王尚文(Shang-Wen WANG)

《哲學與文化》 45卷10期 (2018/10) Pp. 61-77

摘要

Globalization could be understood as an overwhelming phenomenon of hyperlinking and deterritorialization mainly lead by global capitalism and rapid development of new technology in the world since 1970s. Globalization, which totally penetrates and changes our life nowadays, is an irreversible process of human civilization. Facing the speedy integration and division of life human beings meet new difficulties along with new conveniences. Since nineteenth century philosophers, especially those of Marxist tradition, began to criticize the alienating power of capitalism and its combination with blind innovation of technology, which might lead to ＂new barbarism＂ with its sweet make-up, under which human beings are trapped in new form of domination. Globalization, which is marked by the new technology, would become another mask of human domination, if humanity is not considered as the core of technical development. Humanity is the ultimate concern of Confucianism. The Confucian ＂concrete humanity＂, which must be learned, practiced and realized in the network of various social relationships, could contribute positive insights to the technologized global world because Confucius reminds us that humanity should always be kept in mind no matter what we do and encounter. Although globalization makes the network of social relationships extremely complicated and different from the traditional one, the imperative of humanity always asks us to consider and practice humanity in the concrete situations. This article will develop in three parts: In the first part the capitalism and its going global will be discussed. In the second part Habermas' analysis into the essence of technology will be presented. The third part will illustrate the concept of Confucian concrete humanity and its actuality with globalization.

關鍵字

Concrete Humanity ； Confucianism ； Critical Theory ； Global Capitalism ； Globalization ； Habermas ； Ideology ； Technology

並列摘要

全球化可以理解為在1970年後由全球資本主義以及新科技所引領的超級鏈接以及去疆域化的一種全面現象。全球化是人類文明中一個不可逆轉的過程。面對這個現象人們不僅享受新的便利，也遭遇新的困境。從19世紀開始哲學家們，尤其是馬克思主義傳統的哲學家，便開始批評資本主義的異化力量以及科技的盲目創新。在科技創新的甜蜜外表之下，人們正陷入新型態的宰制之中。以新科技為標誌的全球化，假如不將人性作為科技發展的核心考量的話，將只會成為人類宰制的另一個面具。人性是儒家學說的終極關懷。儒家的「具體人性」——它必須在各種各樣的社會關係中被實踐和具體化——在科技化的全球世界中將可以提供積極的洞見，因為孔子提醒我們，不管做何事或者遭逢到何事，都應該將人性作為首要考量。雖然全球化將社會關係的網絡變得非常複雜，大異於傳統的人際網絡，但是人性作為一種命令總是要求我們要考量具體的情況並且讓人性在其中獲得實現。本文將從三部份展開：第一部份將討論資本主義及其邁向全球化的進程；第二部份則是提到哈伯瑪斯對於科技本質的分析；第三部份將闡釋儒家「具體人性」的概念及其在全球化中的現實性。

並列關鍵字

具體人性 ； 儒家學說 ； 批判理論 ； 全球資本主義 ； 全球化 ； 哈伯瑪斯 ； 意識型態 ； 科技

參考文獻

Confucius. The Analects. Trans. by James Legge. In Chinese Text Project. https://ctext.org/analects/ens.

Fulcher, James. Capitalism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Habermas, Jürgen. Toward a Rational Society: Student Protest, Science and Politics. Trans. by Jeromy J. Shapiro. Cambrige: Policy Press, 1987.

Held, David, et al. Global Transformations. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.

Horkheimer, Max and Theodor W. Adorno. Dialectic of Enlightenment: Philosophical Fragments. Trans. by Edmund Jephcott. Redwood City: Stanford University Press, 2007.