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從當代自由主義與社群主義論牟宗三政治哲學

On Mou Zongsan's Political Philosophy from New Liberalism and Communitarianism

摘要


本文以當代自由主義與社群主義的對立為參照,從「自我」、「國家」、「中立性原則」三個方面,辨析牟宗三的政治哲學與社群主義、自由主義的異同。就自我作為道德主體的自主性而言,牟宗三近乎康德與羅爾斯;但就自我與社群的關係而言,他的主張與社群主義引以為同調。牟宗三對現代性國家的論證,預設了康德式的義理架構,採用了黑格爾式的論證方式,就前者而言它近乎從康德到羅爾斯的理路,就後者而言它可以進入社群主義的論域,補足契約論對國家證立的缺弱。就「中立性」而言,在民主的外延意義上,牟宗三認同自由主義的主張;在民主的內容意義上,他站在了社群主義的立場。

關鍵字

牟宗三 社群主義 自由主義 自我 國家 中立性

並列摘要


Comparing to the contemporary debate between Liberalism and Communitarianism,this paper tries to analyze the similarities and differences between the political philosophy of Mou Zongsan and Communitarianism & Liberalism in three ways: Self, country and the principle of neutrality. Firstly, about the autonomy of self as the subject of moral, Mou Zongsan agrees more with Kant and Rawls. However, on the relations between the self and the community, he agrees more with Communitarianism. As for the argument of modern country, Mou Zongsan presupposes the theoretical structure of Kantism and adopts the method of argument of Hegelianism. In the case of the structure, it is similar to the approach from Kant to Rawls. As for the argument, it has more common points with Communitarianism and can make up the lacks of arguments of contact theory for country. Lastly, on the part of the issue of neutrality, Mou approves the propositions of Liberalism in the extensional meaning of democracy; however, he takes a stand of Communitarianism in the intensional meaning of democracy.

並列關鍵字

Mou Zongsan Communitarianism Liberalism Self Nation-State Neutrality

參考文獻


牟宗三,《中國哲學十九講》,《牟宗三先生全集》第 29 冊,臺北:聯經出版事業公司,2003。
牟宗三,《中國哲學之會通十四講》,《牟宗三先生全集》第 30 冊,臺北:聯經出版事業公司,2003。
牟宗三,《心體與性體》(一)(二),臺北:正中書局,1968。
牟宗三,《生命的學問》,臺北:三民書局,1984。
牟宗三,《政道與治道》,臺北:臺灣學生書局,2010。

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