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為蘇格拉底而申辯:柏拉圖《會飲》再思

Plato's Secret Apology for Socrates: A New Interpretation of Symposium

摘要


柏拉圖對蘇格拉底審判主題進行回應,一般都認為就是《歐緒弗羅》、《蘇格拉底的申辯》、《克力同》、《斐多》這四個文本。這裡則認為還應該加上《會飲》,《會飲》對柏拉圖在《蘇格拉底的申辯》裡為蘇格拉底所作的辯護提供重要支撐。《會飲》透過蘇格拉底發言,呈現「愛慕」之為精靈的神話,對蘇格拉底(在《蘇格拉底的申辯》裡)關於「信奉精靈」的指控所作回應進行補充,又透過阿爾基比亞德斯發言,展現這位雅典政治家與蘇格拉底交往的過程,從而對蘇格拉底關於「敗壞年輕人」的指控所作回應進行補充。就信奉精靈「愛慕」而言,蘇格拉底確實並不因此而是不信奉神靈的。就與作為年輕人的阿爾基比亞德斯交往而言,蘇格拉底果然沒有要敗壞他的意圖,實際也無需為他的敗壞擔負責任。

關鍵字

柏拉圖 《會飲》 蘇格拉底 申辯 指控

並列摘要


It is well known that Plato presents his creative recollections about the trial of Socrates in Euthyphro, The Apology of Socrates, Criton and Phaedo. In addition to these four texts, Plato's Symposium should be also considered as his attempt to validate Socrates's apologies against two formal accusations. Through Socrates' speech in Symposium, it is clear that the fact that Socrates believes in Eros as a daimon does presuppose his belief in Olympic Gods. And through Alcibiades' speech, it is clearly shown that Socrates does not intend to destroy the young Alcibiades from the beginning of their friendship and then he does not need to be responsible for his being allegedly destroyed.

並列關鍵字

Plato Symposium Socrates Apology Accusation

參考文獻


柏拉圖等,《柏拉圖的會飲》,劉小楓等譯,北京:華夏出版社,2003。
柏拉圖,《柏拉圖對話集》,王太慶譯,北京:商務印書館,2004。
柏拉圖,《會飲》,楊俊傑譯注,北京:商務印書館,2018。
羅念生,《羅念生全集》第 4 卷,上海:上海人民出版社,2004。
羅森,《柏拉圖的會飲》,楊俊傑譯,上海:華東師範大學出版社,2011。

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