Key Elements of Zhang Chunyi's (張純一) (1871-1955) Comparison between Mohism and Christianity in His Work-Moxue yu Jingjiao (《墨學與景教》) (1923)

張純一比較文化中墨家與基督教的相關因素－以《墨學與景教》一書為例

魏思齊(Zbigniew Wesołowski SVD)

《哲學與文化》 46卷12期 (2019/12) Pp. 25-45

摘要

In the present article the author will concentrate on Zhang Chunyi's Moxue yu Jingjiao 《墨學與景教》. This slim book, comprising altogether 65 pages, is principally divided into two chapters: the first (jia 甲): ＂Biao zong＂ 標宗 (Elucidating the Origin) and the second chapter (yi 乙): ＂Lijiao＂ 立教 (Instruction towards Establishing the Doctrine) which are sub-divided into many smaller or larger sections. Although in the article the author concentrates on the core similarities between Mohism and Christianity, however, Zhang Chunyi also saw that there was a basic difference between Mohism and Christianity which lies in the objective targets of Mozi and Jesus: Mozi was concerned with reforms of discovered serious deficits in human society and his goal was to effect economic wealth and material prosperity. Jesus was, however, caring about every human heart and its radical change towards God in view of His promise to grant every human being eternal life so that the sick and chaotic human world and the whole cosmos would become the Kingdom of God. Zhang Chunyi did not forget to mention that Christianity did not reach the subtleties of Buddhism about which his book would not treat.

關鍵字

Moxue yu Jingjiao ； Zhang Chunyi ； Comparison ； Christianity ； Chinese Buddhism

並列摘要

本文中，作者根據張純一的《墨學與景教》比較墨家與基督教的相關因素。張純一不是20世紀中國學術界的一位知名人士。他最為人熟知是在以大乘佛教詮釋基督教的研究領域，即他的《佛化基督教》一著作。談到墨家，在1922－1923年間，張純一出版了三本相關書籍。20世紀三○年代末，他又推出另外一本關於墨子的書並修改了他以前的作品《墨子閒詁箋》。本文將專注於他的《墨學與景教》。這本薄薄的書共65頁，主要分為兩章：〈甲：標宗〉和〈乙：立教〉，然後各章又細分為多個較小或較大的部分。本文雖然將集中討論張純一所持墨家與基督教間核心的相似之處，但也關注他所看到的墨家與基督教間存在著的根本不同點。墨子關注的是怎樣將人類社會存在的嚴重缺陷進行改革，而耶穌關心的是每個心靈的福祉，及其對上帝的徹底皈依。張純一並沒忘記提醒讀者那些基督宗教沒有上升到佛教精妙的地方，對此點他在《墨學與景教》一書中常有涉及。

並列關鍵字

《墨學與景教》 ； 張純一 ； 比較宗教學 ； 基督教 ； 中國佛教

參考文獻

Chang, Han-liang. “Persuasion in the Pre-Qin China: The Great Debate Revisited,” in Traditions of Controversy. Ed. by Marcelo Dascal & Chang Han-liang. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007, pp.85-100.

Corey, Judith L. Light from Light: Cosmology and the Theology of the Logos. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2016.

Defoort, Carine. “The Gradual Growth of the Mohist Core Philosophy,” Monumenta Serica 64.1(2016): 1-22.

Fällman, Fredrik. Salvation and Modernity: Intellectuals and Faith in Contemporary China. Stockholm: Stockholm University Department of Oriental Languages, 2004.

Fech, Andrej. “The Protagonists of the Wenzi in Light of Newly Discovered Materials,” Oriens Extremus 54(2015): 209-248.