哲學踐行的對象與方法之反思

遵循蘇格拉底的信條「未經審視的生活是不值得過的」，哲學踐行家通過檢查人們的信念以使人們過上有意義的生活。哲學踐行家檢查的對象主要不是來訪者心靈中關於世界的真或假的那些認知信念，而是看待世界、自我與他人方式的意義架構。不同的意義架構建構不同的意義世界。哲學踐行家不是提供某種意義架構、而是幫助來訪者夯實或修補已有的意義架構；並處理意義世界中的不幸感、虛無感等問題。哲學踐行家已經建構了一些哲學踐行方法。由於哲學踐行起源於最近幾十年的西方，這些基於西方哲學的方法是言語型的。我們要發展基於中國哲學的以行動型的哲學踐行方法。

關鍵字

哲學踐行方法；意義世界；言語型哲學踐行；行動型哲學踐行

並列摘要

Following the doctrine of Socrates ＂Life without examination is not worth living＂, philosophical practitioners make people's life meaningful by examining their beliefs. However, what philosophical practitioners examine in their work are not epistemic beliefs of clients, which may be true or false, but meaning frames in clients' minds, which are employed to think about the world, others and self. Different meaning frames construct or form different meaningful worlds. In practice a philosophical practitioner does not provide a meaning frames for the client, rather makes his or her frame available sound or amends it, and solves problems in it. Philosophical practitioners have developed many kinds of methods of philosophical practice. Since philosophical practice was originated from western countries in decades, methods, which are based on western philosophy, are linguistic-centered. We need to build methods of action-centered philosophical practice which are based on Chinese philosophy.