唐君毅與儒耶會通－兼論心靈主體的超越性

面對現代性與後現代思潮的挑戰，當代新儒家唐君毅先生一生的哲學理論建構不僅挺立了道德、文化與心靈生命的主體性，更洞燭機先地覺察到主體性之自我封閉的可能威脅，引導吾人避免落入道德主體性的傲慢、狹隘的種族主義或理智至上主義的種種自我封閉或陷溺。唐先生秉持圓滿的人文主義精神，對於道德與宗教意識的體認與闡釋極為深刻。唐先生於生命存在與心靈境界中最高的三個超主客觀境界的探索，不僅開闢了一個比較宗教哲學的理論典型，更深度會通儒、耶、釋三教的心靈境界。本文的問題意識聚焦於：在省察現代性與後現代性的宗教性變遷之後，接續儒耶會通前賢之努力，探索如何可以從唐君毅先生所闡釋心靈九境之超主客觀境界中的儒耶二教之相互理解，提升心靈主體性的開放性或超越向度？

關鍵字

理性；主體性；現代性；心靈境界；自我超越；宗教交談

並列摘要

Confronted with the challenges of modernity and post-modern thoughts, Tang Jun-yi the Neo-Confucian not only consolidates the subjectivity of morality, culture and spiritual life, but also foresees the threatening self-enclosure of subjectivity, preventing one from falling into the self-enclosure or self-indulgence of arrogant moral subjectivity, restrictive racism or rational supremacism. In the spirit of well-rounded humanism, Tang has extremely profound understanding and interpretation of moral and religious consciousness. His exploration in the state of being and the state of mind about the three supreme states transcending subjectivity and objectivity not only launches a theoretical model whereby to compare religion and philosophy but also profoundly integrates the spiritual states of Confucianism, Christianity and Buddhism. The question consciousness of this article, carrying on the predecessors' efforts in integrating Confucianism and Christianity, focuses on how to improve the openness and transcendence of spiritual subjectivity through the mutual understanding between Confucianism and Christianity as interpreted by Tang in his supreme states that transcend subjectivity and objectivity, after examining the religious transformation of modernity and post-modernity.