清華簡《祭公之顧命》與西周「中」觀念

Tsinghua Bamboo Slips' Zai Gong Zhi Gu Ming and the Concept of ＂Zhong＂ of Xi Zhou Dynasty

鄧國軍(Guojun DENG)

《哲學與文化》 47卷10期 (2020/10) Pp. 177-191

摘要

「中」觀念既關聯西周統治者的施政理念，亦牽涉軸心時代儒家中庸思想的起源。清華簡《祭公之顧命》裡祭公關於「中」的闡釋，體現了「中」所具有的政治義涵，彌補了西周「中」觀念研究中史料不足的缺陷。就現有史料來看，「以時中乂萬邦」的統治思想、「刑中」理念、「中德」觀共同構成了西周「中」觀念的主要內涵。西周「中」觀念內涵的澄清，不僅使西周「中」觀念實現了名與實的統一，也提示了其與孔子中庸思想的源流關係。西周「中」觀念因其鮮明的政治屬性，被統治者奉為治國之經，客觀上使得「中」觀念在兩周時期展開了傳承。

關鍵字

《祭公之顧命》 ； 「中」觀念 ； 以時中乂萬邦 ； 克中爾罰

並列摘要

The concept of ＂Zhong＂ is not only related to the governance concept of rulers of the Xi Zhou Dynasty, but also related to the origin of the thoughts of Confucian moderation. Zai Gong's interpretation of the ＂Zhong＂ fully embodied the institutional meanings of ＂Zhong＂, and made up for the difficulties in the study of the ＂Zhong＂ concept in the Xi Zhou Dynasty. From the current historical data, the main connotation of the ＂Zhong＂ of the Xi Zhou Dynasty contained the ruling thought of ＂yi Shi Zhong yi wan bang＂, the concept of ＂moderate criminal law＂ and the view of ＂Zhong de＂. The clarification of the connotation of the ＂Zhong＂ of the Xi Zhou Dynasty, not only realized the unity of name and reality, but also showed its origin relationship with the early Confucianism. With distinct political attributes, the concept of ＂Zhong＂ of Xi Zhou Dynasty has been passed down from generation to generation.

並列關鍵字

Zai Gong Zhi Gu Ming ； The Concept of ＂Zhong＂ ； Yi Shi Zhong Yi Wan Bang ； Ke Zhong er Fa

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