和會朱陸如何可能－基於內在與超越的關係對王陽明「心即理」思想的考察

How Is Convergence of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan Possible-An Examination of Wang Yangming's Idea of ＂Heart Being Reason＂ Based on the Relationship between Immanence and Transcendence

雲龍(Long YUN)

《哲學與文化》 48卷6期 (2021/06) Pp. 167-181

摘要

朱陸之爭主要關涉到天道系統與心性系統、主觀內在與客觀超越的融通是如何可能的問題，而陽明心學則是其解決階段。陽明通過將「物」理解轉換為自我「意」識所固有的原初存在環節，實現了將以主體之「心」為出發點的「心」—「意」—「物」的「生生」構造呈現關係與以客體之「物」為出發點的「物」—「意」—「心」的「照應」給予呈現關係的等價轉換。在此基礎上，人心經由旁通萬物而上達天理：旁通萬物，故能破「唯我」之見而斷「禪」釋之非；上達天理，故能存「明見」之知而除「獨斷」之嫌。「良知」之教由此形成－「心」「道」相即而順逆相生，「天」「人」相合而上下相成的內在關係論的圓環系統。

關鍵字

王陽明 ； 和會朱陸 ； 心即理 ； 自我意識 ； 唯我論 ； 內在超越

並列摘要

The dispute between Zhu and Lu mainly concerns the possibility of the fusion of the system of Heaven and the system of Mind, and of subjective immanence and objective transcendence. Wang Yangming's theory of Mind provides a solution to the dispute. By transforming the understanding of ＂things＂ into the original existing link inherent in self-＂consciousness＂, Wang realized the equivalent swap of the ＂living＂ constructive relationship of ＂mind＂-＂consciousness＂- ＂things＂ based on the subject's ＂mind＂ with the ＂correspondence＂ presentative relationship of ＂things＂-＂consciousness＂-＂mind＂ based on the object's ＂thingness＂. Based on this system, the Mind reaches the Heaven through encompassing all things: Encompassing all things enables it to refute the view of ＂solipsism＂ and find the mistake of the ＂Zen＂ interpretation; reaching the heaven enables it to keep the knowledge of ＂clear insight＂ and eliminate the suspicion of being ＂dogmatic＂. Therefore, his teaching of ＂Conscience＂ forms a theoretically circular system of ＂Mind＂ and ＂Dao＂ being in harmony and generating each other, and of ＂Heaven＂ and ＂Human＂ being in harmony and accomplishing each other.

並列關鍵字

Wang Yangming ； Convergence of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan ； Heart Being Reason ； Self-consciousness ； Solipsism ； Inner Transcendence

參考文獻

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