「天人不期合」：再議朱熹「《易》本是卜筮書」

＂Disunion of Nature and Man＂: A New Perspective on ＂I Ching is a Divination Book＂ by Zhu Xi

劉舫(Fang LIU)

《哲學與文化》 48卷6期 (2021/06) Pp. 183-197

摘要

朱熹提出「《易》本是卜筮書」，作《周易本義》和《易學啟蒙》，旨在克服義理易學之支離與象數易學之附會。他置九幅易圖於卷首、肯定先天易學、強調筮法等做法，在易學史上頗有爭議。應該看到，自北宋以降人們逐漸擺脫天人感應，曉然自然與人事當分而處之，朱熹重提伏羲畫卦的話頭，重思天道、易、聖人之關係，將自然與人倫截斷，為格物之學埋下前提。且隨人們認知水準的提高，足以建立由卦畫直接推導天地起源和事物多樣變化之邏輯，可與通過擬象繫辭之歷史演繹齊觀匹敵。朱熹意識到經學在此背景下必須仍然能夠提供充分的哲學表達，於是通過重申「卜筮」和重構《周易》來完成經典的更新，從而在其後的尤其是自然研究著作中成為「元學」。

關鍵字

朱熹 ； 卜筮 ； 周易 ； 自然 ； 經學

並列摘要

Zhu Xi claimed that I Ching is a divination book in his two books: Original Meaning of I Ching and Introduction to I Ching, which were devoted to overcome the fragmented and far-fetched interpretation of previous schools of I Ching. The diagrams, Xian tian's Yi and ritual of divination were given priority in his works, which has been long criticized in the history of I Ching study. As was noted that the correspondence of man and nature began to be under suspicious from North Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi restated the fact that Fu Xi made eight trigrams to revise the Nature- Yi-Sage relationship so that nature and man were completely separated as the presumption of investigation of things. With the development of cognition ability, people were able to conceive the origin and diversity of world through the combination and change of trigrams, which was parallel to historical commentaries of I Ching. Zhu Xi reconstructed the I Ching to resume its function of philosophical expression for his time, which became fundamental theory of the works of nature studies afterwards.

並列關鍵字

Zhu Xi ； Divination ； I Ching ； Nature ； Confucian Classics

參考文獻

宋．黎靖德編，《朱子語類》，北京：中華書局，1994。

宋．朱熹，《易學啟蒙》，《朱子全書》第 1 冊，上海：上海古籍出版社∕安徽：安徽教育出版社，2002。

宋．朱熹撰，廖名春點校，《周易本義》，北京：中華書局，2009。

宋．朱鑒編，《朱文公易說》，上海：上海古籍出版社，1989。

宋．邵雍，《邵雍全集》第 3 冊，上海：上海古籍出版社，2016。