是非與道德－朱子智德的認識論意義

Right and Wrong and Morality-The Epistemological Significance of Zhu Zi's Zhi De

和溪(Xi HE)

《哲學與文化》 48卷8期 (2021/08) Pp. 151-166

摘要

智德指人的道德智慧，它是人們明辨是非、深察人倫的智慧。智本來就是明辨之理，它的發用便知是知非。智慧知萬事萬物之是非，它通過「格物致知」完成自己的使命。「智」德的地位和作用十分獨特，智不僅是連接仁、義、禮的紐帶，而且正是它把仁、義、禮都藏在自己之中，這就是朱子著名的「智藏說」。在朱子看來，「知」與「智」是有區分的，認知是起點，智德是歸宿，「智」是一種「知人之智」，是一種比知識更高的實踐智慧，是一切行為的指南，可以貫通上下、溝通天人。

關鍵字

朱子 ； 智德 ； 智藏說 ； 四德說 ； 實踐智慧

並列摘要

Zhi De means wisdom's morality, which is the wit of human to distinguish between right and wrong, also the intelligence to know the human relations according to feudal ethics. Wisdom is the key to tell right and wrong of everything in the world and fulfill her mission by giving human being the methodology ＂Ge Wu Zhi Zhi＂. The position and role of Zhi De is unique, not only connect wisdom with humanity, justice and rites, but also hide them in itself, which can be known from Zhu Zi's famous ＂ZHI CANG Theory＂. Zhu ZI tell the difference between knowledge and wisdom, the former is the beginning of cognition, while the later is the final destination, which also is the guide to all actions, it can realize the communication between man and nature.

並列關鍵字

Zhu Zi ； Wisdom's Morality ； Zhi Cang Theory ； Four Morality Theory ； Practical Wisdom

參考文獻

《爾雅》，四庫叢刊景宋本。

朱熹，《四書章句集注》，北京：中華書局，2012。

朱熹，《朱子全書》，上海：上海古籍出版社∕安徽：安徽教育出版社，2010。

肖群忠，〈智德新論〉，《道德與文明》3(2005)。

亞里斯多德著，廖申白譯注，《尼各馬可倫理學》，北京：商務印書館，2003。