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「天鈞」與「天倪」-莊子「天道觀」之兩維及其辯證

"Tian-Jun" and "Tian-Ni": The Two Dimensions of Zhuangzi's "Dao" and Its Dialectics

摘要


如果說老子思想的主線是「道物關係」,莊子則以「天人關係」為基源問題。莊子之「天人之辨」有兩個層次:一是揚「天」而抑「人」,以天為大、以人為小,以天為真、以人為偽;二是在「天與人不相勝」的視域內,以天之「大」提撕人之「小」,以天之「真」疏瀹人之「偽」,以期化小為大、去偽存真。「天鈞」從「道—物」關係的維度,言明「天道」乃「萬物」之均平、共通之存在境域;在「天鈞」境域中,作為「自然之分際」的「天倪」則從「物—物」關係之維彰明了存在之物的個體性、多元性。「天鈞」與「天倪」交織營構出了一副「多元性共在」的存在圖景。莊子認為,惟有將此存在圖景轉化為「和之以天倪,而休乎天鈞」的政治與生存視域,才能開出理想化的存在方式:立足於「物」之分際與實際,「和之以天倪」可涵容個體物之獨立、自在性,「休乎天鈞」則蘊示著「萬物」在均平境域中的相尊相蘊、共生共成。

關鍵字

莊子 天鈞 天倪

並列摘要


Zhuangzi's philosophy is based on "the relationship between Heaven and Human", which can be devided in two ideological points: first, promote "Heaven" and depreciate "Human", regard Heaven as the big or true, and Human as the small or hypocrisy; second, in the sight of Heaven, promote the Human from small to big, from hypocrisy to true. In Zhuangzi, "Tian-Jun" (天鈞) means that "Dao" is the equal and common existence realm of "Things" and "Human"; "Tian-Ni" (天倪) means "the division of nature" of one to another in the realm of "Tian -Jun". Under the interweaving of "Tian-Jun" and "Tian-Ni", Zhuangzi constructed an existence picture of "multiple co-existence". Zhuangzi believes that only by transforming this picture of existence into a political horizon and a survival horizon, can we open up the authentic way of existence.

並列關鍵字

Zhuangzi Dao Tian-Jun Tian-Ni

參考文獻


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