從「設論」至「象徵」－「亞略巴谷的狄奧尼修斯」的名號思想研究

From ＂Thesis＂ to ＂Symbol＂-A Study of Names' Theory of Dionysius Aeropagita

聶建松(Jian Song NIE)

《哲學與文化》 48卷10期 (2021/10) Pp. 95-108

摘要

在《克拉底魯篇》中，柏拉圖建立起一堆概念來命名一個事物，那就是「設立」和「本性」。他認為名號應當根據客體目標的「本性」而來，而不是公眾的「設立」。直到「亞略巴谷的狄奧尼修斯」的出現之前，這一基於對可感現象和精神形式的區分的柏拉圖式觀點都是十分具有影響力的。狄氏將這種柏拉圖時的命名法稱為是「肯定」，但還主張有一種更佳的方式來命名神聖的事物，即「象徵」或者「否定」的方式。狄氏認為象徵之名綜合了可感和精神的要素，作為一種命名神的方式是有效的，而且作為一種由神聖的存在啟示出來的神學描述，甚至要高於人類哲學所產生的概念之名。此種狄氏理論是基於對感覺的基督教式的反思，而感覺則往往被柏拉圖主義視為式一種靈魂的病症。在狄氏的看法中，精神和神都會在可感的現象之中呈現自身，並且為我們在其中留下了精神的痕跡，而這些痕跡可以為深受軀體影響的人類靈魂提供回歸到精神領域的機遇。

關鍵字

《克拉底魯篇》 ； 柏拉圖 ； 普羅克洛斯 ； 亞略巴谷的狄奧尼修斯 ； 《狄氏文集》 ； 新柏拉圖主義 ； 象徵主義

並列摘要

In Cratylus, Plato established a pair of concepts about how to name a thing-according to physis or thesis. He believed that a name must be given according to the physis of its object, rather than a thesis from public conventions. This Platonic nomenclature based on a philosophical distinction between aesthetic phenomena and noetic forms was very influential until the appearance of theory of Dionysius the Areopagite. Denys titled the Platonic nomenclature ＂kataphasis＂ and proposed that there is still a better way to name divine things, namely the ＂symbolic＂ or ＂apophasis＂. The symbolic names synthesizing elements both of aesthetic and noetic are very effective on naming God and as theological descriptions revealed by divine beings even better than conceptual names produced by human philosophy. This Dionysian theory is based on a Christian re-consideration of aesthesis which is always regarded as a symptom of soul in the Platonic theories. In Denys' mind, Nous and God show themself in aesthetic phenomena and leave us some noetic traces within there. All those traces provide the human souls influenced by bodily affections a chance to re-enter the field of Nous.

並列關鍵字

Cratylus ； Plato ； Proclus ； Dionysius the Areopagite ； Corpus Dionysiacum ； Neoplatonism ； Symbolism

參考文獻

Ashbaugh, Anne Freire. Plato’s Theory of Explanation: A Study of Cosmological Account in the Timaeus. Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 1988.

Suchla, B. R. Dionysius Areopagita: Leben-Werk-Wirkung. Freiburg/Basel/Wien: Herder, 2008.

Dionysius Areopagita. Corpus Dionysiacum. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, 1990.

Suchla, B. R. Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita: Die Namen Gottes. Stuttgart: Anton Hiersemann, 1988.

Luibheid, Colm. Pseudo-Dionysius the Complete Works. New York/Mahwah: Paulist Press, 1987.