柏拉圖的人造物理型：亞里斯多德《形上學》兩處析辨

The Platonic Form of Artifacts: Two Passages in Aristotle's Metaphysics

葛天勤(Tianqin GE)

《哲學與文化》 49卷3期 (2022/03) Pp. 179-194

摘要

本文討論了柏拉圖對於人造物理型的看法和亞里斯多德的記述。柏拉圖在對話錄中提出了人造物的理型，但是亞里斯多德在《形上學》991b6-7和1070a18-19否認這一點。我們認為，在亞里斯多德的記述和柏拉圖的對話錄之間並不存在矛盾。柏拉圖在中期對話錄中承認人造物理型，但是不能肯定柏拉圖在晚期對話錄中是否放棄了這一想法。而柏拉圖的學生們否認人造物的理型，特別是系統化柏拉圖學說的色諾克拉底。由此，本文認為亞里斯多德在《形上學》991b6-7指的是柏拉圖學園成員，他們否認存在人造物的理型。《形上學》1070a18-19則存在文本的異讀問題，本文認為，無論採用哪一種異文，都不會產生不一致的問題。亞里斯多德強調的依然是整個學園作為一個學派的觀點。

關鍵字

柏拉圖 ； 亞里斯多德 ； 人造物 ； 理型

並列摘要

This paper discusses Plato's treatment of the Form of artifacts and Aristotle's relevant testimonies in the Metaphysics. Plato seems to posit Forms of artifacts in his dialogues, but Aristotle reports that Plato denies them at Metaphysics 991b6-7 and 1070a18-19. This paper argues that there is no inconsistency between Plato's proposal and Aristotle's testimonies. Plato posits Forms of artifacts in his middle dialogues, but there is no solid evidence as to whether Plato still accepts them in his late dialogues. Furthermore, the students of Plato in the Old Academy deny the existence of Forms of artifacts, especially Xenocrates, who attempted to systematize the doctrine of Plato. Therefore, at Metaphysics 991b6-7 Aristotle thinks that it is the members of the Academy and the systematized Academy that do not accept the Form of Artifacts. On the other hand, there exist variant readings at Metaphysics 1070a18-19, I defend that we can resolve this prima facie inconsistency, no matter which reading we adopt. What Aristotle emphasizes here is that the doctrine of the Old Academy should be treated as a kind of ＂school doctrine＂ of the whole Old Academy.

並列關鍵字

Plato ； Aristotle ； Artifacts ； Forms

參考文獻

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