從「良知坎陷之後」析論存在系統進入表達系統的困境

本文從牟先生的「良知坎陷」出發，探討坎陷作用發生後，從其道德主體的存在系統，到坎陷後認知性的表達系統的形態，特別是其表達起點的論述之困境。此歷程亦可說是檢討良知、心、性等道德主體，或古典理論的表達起點是否可完整地內含於表達系統中，再進一步分析其內涵轉化為數位形式的困難。此觀點乃以儒學普及化時，面對語言形式化的表達限制為分析目標，一方面著眼於數據存有時代的來臨，良知坎陷後的數位語言系統傳遞道德觀念、道德價值的可能，反思當代儒者新外王的理想。另一方面，針對表達形式本身，檢視其坎陷作用之後的語言系統，是否能保有對「道德主體存在與否的影響」的反思能力。最終，本文將指出純粹形式化的表達系統有可能消除人的主體性與歷史性，亦可能因此失去原初儒學精神、遠離古典理想；並且，亦提醒儒學工作者在接受當代挑戰前提下，應掌握儒學中道德主體預設其內含於表達系統前之特殊優勢。

關鍵字

良知坎陷；智的直覺；儒學方法論；數位文本；新外王

並列摘要

Beginning with Mo Zong-san's ＂self-negation of conscience,＂ we here discuss a moral subject's existential system and his cognitive expressive system after conscience is self-negated, especially the difficulty about how to begin the expression. This is an examination of how classic moral subjects, such as conscience, mind, nature, could be implicated in the expressive system and analyze further the expressive difficulties of turning such implications into digital forms. We focus on the expressive restrictions on the part of linguistic forms during the popularization of Confucianism. On the one hand, as the time of digital being has come and conscience is self-negated, we reflect on the contemporary Confucian ideal of the new ＂outer kings＂ with regards to the possibility a linguistic system that transmits moral ideas and moral values. On the other hand, in terms of the expressive form itself, we review whether the linguistic system could preserve the ability to reflect on the influence of the moral subject's being or non-being after the conscience is self-negated. In the end, this article would point out that a completely formalized expressive system could strip away one's subjectivity and history, lose the original Confucian spirit and get away from the classic ideal. Besides, we also remind the Confucians that, in face of contemporary challenges, one should master the moral subject's privileged advantage implicated in the expressive system of Confucianism.