勞思光對道統觀的批判與反思

世人常以為朱子道統觀，乃儒學史上之大功。但勞思光卻批判朱子據偽託之書以講儒學，所勾畫出與歷史絕不相應之道統，實是構成儒學內部最大之混亂。他將澄清宋明儒道統之弊，視為治中國哲學史者所不能不面對之問題。但朱子道統觀之撼動人心，乃彰明儒者當以聖賢相承的道德自覺，力抗時代憂患與文化衝擊。當代新儒家也於此氛圍中，闡發宋明儒道統觀。勞氏為當代宿儒。他既斥朱子道統觀為謬論，又如何面對中國文化的出路議題？依此，本文所論有三：首先，扼要陳述道統概念的發展與當代學者的正反意見。其次，闡明勞思光如何以「歷史標準」與「理論標準」兩項原則，檢證朱子道統觀。最後，由勞氏之文化理論反思當代新儒家在道統觀中所關懷的時代課題。

關鍵字

當代新儒家；道德主體；知識主體；內聖外王

並列摘要

The orthodoxy views proposed by Zhu Xi are commonly considered a great contribution to Confucianism. However, Lao Sze Kwang criticized that Zhu Xi's act of publishing literature works under the names of other authors to discuss and illustrate orthodoxy views differing from historical facts has caused chaos in Confucianism. Lao attempted to clarify the malpractice of Confucianism-oriented orthodoxy during the Qing, Song, and Ming Dynasties, which is a topic that must be addressed by scholars exploring the history of Chinese philosophy. However, Zhu Xi's orthodoxy views were capable of inciting people's emotion, causing Confucianists to defend and pass down his teachings in face of political instability and cultural impacts bought about by changes in the era. Amidst this atmosphere, later Confucianists had also endeavored to advocate the orthodoxy views of Confucianism passed down from the Song and Ming Dynasties. As a modern Confucianist, Lao criticized Zhu Xi's orthodoxy views as a fallacy and discussed the future development of Chinese culture. According to the aforementioned assertions, this paper discusses three topics. First, we summarize the development of orthodoxy views and contemporary scholars' agreement and disagreement on orthodoxy views. Next, we discuss how Lao used historical and theoretical standards to verify Zhu Xi's orthodoxy views. Finally, we used Lao's culture theory to reflect upon orthodoxy-related topics addressed by contemporary Confucianists.