辨析「健全的二元論」以回應《願祢受讚頌》通諭

教宗方濟各於2015年頒布Laudato Sì《願祢受讚頌》通諭，在面對地球「我們共同的家園」各項生態困境時，籲請注意「不健全的二元論」（unhealthy dualisms）所產生的負面影響，有其全球性的重要性，本文即積極回應而聚焦於呈現「健全的二元論」。文章基於基督徒哲學－中華新士林哲學，辨析「二元」是「在一整體的關係中所呈現的兩端」。二元論之健全與否，端視形成一整體的二元為和諧或矛盾，而討論「和諧－矛盾」無異於討論此二元所共發的「關係」；換言之，「關係」是二元論健全與否的關鍵，此關係由一體的二元所共發，是為不可或缺的第三因素、並與二元共組為一整體，而整體又可分「有限」與「無限」加以討論其健全狀態。本文期望能藉著「陰－陽－關係」與「聖三」的對比、透過跨哲學與神學的努力，在終極一整體的概念中融合中西兩方的邏輯思維，從而於理論面與不同宗教及文化的人士共同關心建設我們共有的地球家園。

關鍵字

二元論；二值思考；整體；陰陽；關係；聖三

並列摘要

Laudato Sì is an Encyclical Letter issued by Pope Francis in 2015, in which the Pope urges people to pay attention to the negative influence caused by the ＂unhealthy dualisms＂ so as to confront the ecological difficulties of the Earth, ＂our common home.＂ It indeed has an impact worldwide. This article, based on the Christian Philosophy - Contemporary Chinese Neo-Scholasticism, positively responds to Laudato Sì by focusing on identifying what constitutes a ＂healthy dualism.＂ This article proposes that the ＂duality＂ is ＂a pair of related two poles which manifests these two poles as a totality.＂ Precisely speaking, such a duality is composed not only by its two poles but also by a relation, which is indispensable and proceeds from these two poles as the third factor. Whether a dualism is healthy or not depends on its two poles are in harmony or in conflict, namely, depends on the relation of these two poles. This relation together with two poles constitute a totality, which again can be discussed in ＂finite＂ and ＂infinite＂ two situations. Through the endeavor of comprehending ＂yin-yang-relation＂ and ＂Trinity,＂ and uniting philosophy and theology, this article hopes to integrate the Chinese (Eastern) and the Western thinking to contribute to the Earth from a theoretical perspective with peoples of different religions and cultures.