存有論視域下的照顧——哲學與生態人類學的對話

An Ontological View of Care: Promoting the Eco-Dialogue between Philosophy and Ecological Anthropology

林淑芬(Shu-Fen LIN)

《哲學與文化》 50卷3期 (2023/03) Pp. 47-63

摘要

1985年，美國歌手Tom Waits以〈雨狗〉這首歌道盡現代人無家可歸的處境——狗靠著嗅覺找到方向，但雨水將熟悉的氣味都沖刷殆盡，使雨狗不但找不到回家的方向，也失去同伴，暗喻「無家可歸」、「失去同伴」似乎是現代人共同的精神困境。「照顧」（care）是當代社會重要的倫理議題和挑戰，但當我們討論「照顧」（care）時，除了聚焦在與疾病、老化相關的醫護、社福、心理等照顧或療癒的相關討論或處遇之外，或者還可以將現代人普遍的精神困境納入，重新反思諸照顧現象的源始：如何理解人性？何處為家？如何安居？如此，前述有關存有者（ontic）層次的照顧議題，便需被置放到存有學的（ontological）向度中思考。本文將從人與非人的界線、人性（humanitas）與大地的存有、感恩與愛切入，以生態人類學者羅斯的《野犬傳命》與海德格（Martin Heidegger）對上述主題的反思進行對比，期能在「照顧」作為此有存在的源始結構之下，展開生態人類學與哲學對於人類處境的對話。

關鍵字

照顧 ； 存有學 ； 安居 ； 人性 ； 此有 ； 非人 ； 世界生成 ； 本然 ； 四合

並列摘要

In 1985, American singer Tom Waits wrote the song "Rain Dog" to describe the homeless situation of modern people: dogs rely on smell to find their way, but the rain washes away the familiar smell, so that the rain dog cannot find the direction to go home and lose its companions. In a metaphoric manner, it conveys "homeless" and "losing companions" seem to be the common spiritual predicament of modern people. "Care" is an important ethical issue and challenge in contemporary society, but when we discuss "care", in addition to focusing on the discussion or treatment related to medical care, social well-being, psychological care, we can also include the common spiritual predicament of modern people and rethink the primordial phenomenon of care: how to understand human existence? Where is our home? What does dwelling mean for us? Thus, the aforementioned issues of care at the level of the ontic need to be considered in the context of the ontological dimension. This article will explore the themes such as humanitas, distinction between human and inhuman, Being or becoming with on Earth, gratitude and love, and compare ecological anthropologist Deborah Rose's "Wild Dog Dreaming" with Martin Heidegger's reflection on the above themes, looking forward to prompt a dialogue between ecological anthropology and philosophy. Based on their discourse, the author holds "care" as Dasein's Being, opening up the whole of the relationship, because fundamentally speaking, dwelling is not just living, but also caring for and creating a space where things become themselves and flourish, this space is formed by connectivity and interdependence, which is related to the dismantling of the paradigm of human subjectivity.

並列關鍵字

Care ； Ontological ； Dwelling ； Humanity ； Dasein ； Inhuman ； World Becoming ； Ereignis ； Fourfold

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