孔子的成人之教與諾丁斯的道德教育之比較

本文首先梳理孔子成人之教與諾丁斯道德教育的觀點，接著從教育基礎、教育方法與教育目標三方面比較兩者的異同。在教育基礎方面，諾丁斯以培養人的關懷之情為基礎，孔子則以「仁」的情感教育為主。在教育方法方面，孔子與諾丁斯皆重視啟發，不以固定的方法為限，而諾丁斯提出的身教、對話、練習關懷與肯定等四種方法更具結構性，可直接運用於現代的學校教育之中。在教育目標方面，諾丁斯始終圍繞於關懷的培養，使人成為一個能關懷他人的人；孔子則是在關懷的基礎之上，提升知識、德性等能力，成為一個在各方面均完美的人。

關鍵字

孔子；成人之教；《論語》；諾丁斯；關懷；道德教育；關懷倫理學

並列摘要

This study first explored the philosophical foundations of Confucius' approach to adult education and Nel Noddings' ethics of care within an educational context. A comparative analysis of these two paradigms was then conducted, focusing on three core aspects: the foundational principles, educational methodologies, and ultimate objectives. Regarding the foundational principles, Noddings centers her philosophy on cultivating caring emotions, while Confucius emphasizes the inculcation of benevolence (仁Ren). Regarding the educational methodologies, both Confucius and Noddings champion heuristic or inquiry-based approaches, shunning the constraints of rigid instructional techniques. Nevertheless, Noddings outlines four structured strategies-modeling, dialogue, practice, and confirmation-readily applicable in contemporary educational settings. As for the ultimate objectives, Noddings aims to cultivate individuals who can genuinely care for others, while Confucius advocates for a more holistic form of human development that not only includes care but also encompasses intellectual and moral capacities.