中國建築二元對待空間語法哲學義涵析論－以《周易》為考察核心

《周易‧繫辭上傳》：「一陰一陽之謂道。」宇宙萬有之現象皆兩兩相對，皆形成二元並存、對待的關係。中國建築空間語法原則，也是以此為基礎，藉以形成各類二元對待結構。一般而言，所謂「調和」，是對應於「陰」與「柔」而言；所謂「對比」，則是對應於「陽」與「剛」而言；故始終貫串著二元對待觀念的中國建築空間語法及其結構，會形成偏近於「對比性」或偏近於「調和性」的二元對待關係，而這又可從《周易》中尋出與之相應的邏輯結構。以此，本論文分從「以異相明」、「以同相類」這兩方面切入，以探討中國傳統建築二元對待空間語法之哲學義涵；並舉「內」與「外」、「近」與「遠」、「主」與「賓」、「圖」與「底」等為例說明，以探討其或偏近於「對比性」、或偏近於「調和性」的二元對待關係。

關鍵字

中國建築；二元對待；《周易》；以異相明；以同相類

並列摘要

In the last few decades, several articles have been devoted to the study of the binary treatment relations in Chinese Architecture and have been made a great deal of effort. Although the binary treatment in Chinese Architecture has been an object of study for a long time, the discussion of the philosophical connotation of the binary treatment still has been superficial. So the paper should like to explore a further possibility and take ”Zhou-Yi” as the core of the discussion. All things in the cosmos are formed the binary treatment, the structures of the Chinese building space are established on the theory too. Generally speaking, 'harmonious' is equal to 'feminine (yin)' and 'tenderness', 'contrast' is equal to 'masculine (yang)' and 'virile', so it may cause the 'binary treatment relation of contrast' or 'binary treatment relation of harmonious'. All of the theories can be found from ”Zhou-Yi”. From what has been said above, the paper has shown the importance of two features. For one thing, the two different materials can express the contrast. What is more, the same materials can express the harmonious. Finally, is used the 'inner' and 'outside', 'near' and 'far', 'main' and 'minor', 'figure' and 'ground' as the example to discuss the structures of the Chinese building space.