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「婦女解放」還是「女權主義」?以《人民日報》看中國國家敘事中性別話語的變遷

'Funvjiefang' (Women's Liberation) or 'Nvquanzhuyi' (Feminism)? Transformation of China's National Gender Discourse in People's Daily

摘要


辨析「婦女解放」與「女權主義」二詞是理解中國婦女運動的重要視角。本研究對《人民日報》1949至2014年的1628篇關於婦女解放運動的報導進行話語分析後發現,通過新聞的題材、核心人物和敘事框架等話語策略,「婦女解放」被建構為婦女運動的核心話語:它是中國共產黨領導的社會主義運動,具有反封建、反官僚資本和反帝國主義的性質;「婦女解放」中,婦女參與社會勞動被看作解放的前提,性別平等主要表現為義務平等;「婦女解放」的內涵在不同歷史時期各有側重。1980年代以來,「女權主義」話語的回歸為理解「婦女解放」提供了新的參照物。

並列摘要


Differentiating 'women's liberation' and 'feminism' provides a significant perspective to construe the women's movement in China. By employing discourse analysis of 1628 articles in People's Daily from 1949 to 2014, this paper presents that through certain discursive strategies Socialist Feminism is transformed into the hegemonic discourse of 'women's liberation' in China: 'women's liberation' is a socialist movement fighting against feudalism, capitalism, and imperialism under the leadership of the communist party; within the movement, gender equality is constructed mainly as obligation equality, and women have to work in the public sphere to gain their equal rights. Furthermore, women's liberation is not a stagnant discourse and has different focuses in different stages. Since the 1980s, the reappearance of 'feminism' discourse in China provides a new reference object to understand 'women's liberation'.

參考文獻


〈不堪婆婆丈夫虐待 王娥狄被逼自殺〉(1950 年6 月28 日)。《人民日報》(中國),第4 版。
〈中央蘇區宣傳文化建設大事記:1931 年〉(無日期)。取自http://dangshi.people.com.cn/BIG5/151935/227176/227180/15873635.html
〈中國共產黨推進婦女解放的八十年〉(2001 年6 月23 日)。《人民日報》(中國),第5 版。
〈中華全國婦女聯合會簡介〉(2008)。取自中華人民共和國中央人民政府網頁http://www.gov.cn/test/2008-10/28/content_1133091.htm。
〈毛主席劉主席暢遊十三陵水庫〉(1956 年5 月27 日)。《人民日報》(中國),第1 版。

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