戰時體制下的兩岸貿易(1941-1945)

Trade across the Taiwan Strait under Wartime System (1941-1945)

許世融(Shih-Rong Hsu)

《國史館館刊》 25期 (2010/09) Pp. 73-113

https://doi.org/10.7058/TAHJ.201009.0073

摘要

舊志關於臺閩貿易的記載曾提及，由於日本對中國全面侵略，使得全部商事乃隨戰火爆發而告斷絕，遂令後來學者誤認中日戰爭爆發後，兩岸貿易全面中斷。本文發現戰爭時期的兩岸貿易，雖有1937年下半期的短暫下挫，但從翌年起再度增加，1941年達到14,000萬圓的高峰，為1937年的三倍。
造成本時期兩岸貿易額大幅增加的原因，是日本在軍事侵略時，也在經濟上將日、臺與對岸中國同納入「圓域貿易圈」。為因應戰爭需求，1932年先整編關東州和滿洲國，形成「日滿集團」；1930年代末期再將中國本土各地陸續納入，形成「日滿中集團」；太平洋戰爭爆發後，進一步擴大為「大東亞共榮圈」，於是臺灣與對岸貿易形同國內通商，大幅降低關稅的衝擊。但即使如此，兩岸貿易仍須受制於日本帝國本身的貿易統制策略。大致上，戰爭初期為避免對「圓域」過度輸出，阻礙外幣取得，導致入超過大，所以對圓域圈內貿易採取抑制手段；待「戰時體制」確立，對圓域圈內的貿易轉趨積極，遂使兩岸貿易以超乎前此的速度成長。

關鍵字

兩岸貿易 ； 圓域貿易圈 ； 戰時體制

並列摘要

It is recorded in history that the trade links between Taiwan and Fujian had been broken since 1937 when the Japanese started to invade China. This concept has lead many scholars to believe that the trade across the Strait had come to a halt between 1937 and 1945. In this study, we discover that the volume of trade between Taiwan and China had increased continually during the wartime period despite a brief setback in the second half of 1937. It actually started to rise in the following year and reached a total of 14,000 million Japanese yen in 1941, an amount three times of that of 1937.
The trade increased largely due to the economic measures taken by the Japanese government during her military aggression to China. The Japanese had formed a big Trade Circle to include Japan, Taiwan and Mainland China. First in 1932 a trade link between Kwanto state and Manchuria was made, forming the Japan-Manchuria Trade Group. In the subsequent years of the 1930s, the link expanded to other parts of China, forming an even greater circle of trade area among Japan, China, and Manchuria. And after the breakout of the Pacific War, the circle widened to the Big Asia Circle. Under these circumstances, the trade between Taiwan and China became virtually an internal one, and tariff duties were greatly lowered.
Even so, trades across the Taiwan Strait were still largely restricted by the Japanese Empire's economic strategies. Generally speaking, at the beginning of the War, in order to avoid trade deficits, many restrictions were set up to limit overexporting to the Big Circle. But after the War Time System was set up, the trade within the Circle rapidly grew.

並列關鍵字

The Big Circle Trade Area ； War-time System ； Trade Across the Taiwan Strait

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