- 期刊
蔣介石與1971年聯合國中國代表權問題
Chiang Kai-shek and the 1971 Proposal of China's Representation in UN
摘要
聯合國中國代表權問題前後長達二十二年，可以說是國共鬥爭的延長。蔣介石長年以來秉持堅拒中共進入聯合國的立場，只要中共進，中華民國就退，兩者不可能並立於聯合國內。美國曾認為「兩個中國」是解決聯合國中國代表權爭議最好的方案，然而蔣介石抗拒「兩個中國」，固然是涉及立國的根本原則，不容屈就；中共也堅決反對「兩個中國」，沒有妥協的餘地。雖然美國於1971年提出「雙重代表權案」，蔣介石迫於現實，不得不默許，然而美國急於與中共關係正常化，支持中共進入聯合國，導致中華民國被迫退出聯合國。 1971年聯合國中華民國代表權的保衛戰，是知其不可為而為，蔣介石殫精竭慮，外交人員亦奮鬥到底，然大勢所趨，無力回天。本文除前言和結論外，分別就以下三點論述：一、退出聯合國的準備；二、雙重代表權的妥協；三、安全理事會席位與甘迺迪總統保證的破滅，試圖從〈蔣介石日記〉中探索蔣介石因應變局、退出聯合國的心路歷程。
並列摘要
The issue of China's Representation in the United Nations lasted 22 years-a long period of struggle between the KMT and the Communists. Chiang Kai-shek continually refused to let the Communists enter the United Nations and stated firmly that if the Communists were admitted into the UN, the KMT would withdraw from the Union. The USA once thought that ”two Chinas” was the best solution in the United Nations, but Chiang refused to accept the proposal on the basis that it would lead to the question of ”what makes a nation.” On the other hand, the Communists also opposed to the idea and said that there was no space for negotiation. Thus, the USA's 1971 proposal of the ”dual representation” finally forced Chiang to comply. Due to the urge to normalize its relation with the communist China, , the USA supported Communist China to enter the UN and as a result the Republic of China was forced to withdraw from the UN. In the 1971 fight to defend the Representation right, not only was Chiang's wit at its end, but also the diplomatic officials had done their best. There was nothing they could do to revive the situation. In addition to preface and conclusions, this paper had three sections: The first section discusses the Republic of China's preparation to leave the United Nations; the second discusses the negotiation between the three parties on the issue of the dual representation; and the final section explains how the seat in the United Nations Security Council was lost and why John F. Kennedy broke his promise to the Republic of China. This paper tries to explore the struggle Chiang had within himself concerning the matter through a careful reading of his diary.