中華民國核武研發之探討（1964－1980）

An Examination of the ROC's Nuclear Program Development (1964-1980)

林孝庭(Hsiao-Ting Lin)

《國史館館刊》 31期 (2012/03) Pp. 119-160

https://doi.org/10.7058/TAHJ.201203.0120

摘要

本文分析1964年至1980年間，中華民國試圖發展核武技術的歷史脈絡，以及美國對此一努力的反應與態度演變。中華民國決心加速研發核武，與1964年秋中共核試爆成功所帶來的巨大影響，有密切關聯。1960年代中華民國對外尋求核武研發技術合作的對象，除了以色列之外，尚涉及德、法、比、加等國家，美方此刻的態度，也在「暗助」與「暗阻」之間徘徊，未有明確定論。1969年起，尼克森決心打開與中共交往之門，中華民國也面臨聯合國席次嚴峻保衛戰，國際局勢的極端不利，乃促成中華民國於1970年代決心加快研發核武能力之最關鍵因素，面對華府與北京之間的關係正常化，臺北努力發展核武以增加自身籌碼，美國卻因為急於與北京修好，而竭盡所能地阻撓臺灣任何研發核武的可能性。從本文可以知悉，1970年代最後幾年間的中、美外交關係當中。中華民國的秘密核武發展意圖，一直是兩國風雨飄搖關係裡最具爭議，卻也最不為世人所瞭解的外交議題。本文研究，當有助於釐清這段外交爭議的背景、細節與經過，以及其所涉及的歷史意涵。

關鍵字

蔣介石 ； 蔣經國 ； 中山科學院 ； 核試爆 ； 臺灣發展核武

並列摘要

Drawing primarily on recently declassified U.S. archival materials, this article examines the Republic of China (ROC) government's intention to develop its nuclear program in a wider historical context, as well as the evolving U.S. reactions towards this effort. Taiwan's attempt to develop its own nuclear weapon technologies stemmed from the successful nuclear weapons test in October 1964 by its deadly enemy, the People's Republic of China (PRC). Throughout the 1960s, Israel was the m句。r country rendering technical assistance to Taiwan's nuclear (research) program. In addition to Israel, as this research unfolded, countries like West Germany, France, Belgium and Canada were also involved in this endeavor to a certain degree. Declassified U .S. archival materials further have revealed that, during the Kennedy and Johnson presidencies, the attitude of the U.S. government was somewhat caught dithering between covertly supporting and lukewarm opposing Taiwan's intention to develop its nuclear power, without being able to formulate a definite policy. From 1969 onwards, however, as a result of President Nixon's determination diplomatically to open up the PRC, in addition to the severest ever challenge it then faced in keeping its representation in the United Nations, the already insecure ROC government in Taiwan was led to make attempts to speed up its possible nuclear weapons capability and position vis-à-vis a fast-changing and increasingly unfavorable international situation. To counter this desperation of the ROC the United States with its policy planners in Washington, while still earnestly seeking fully to normalize its relations with the PRC were quick in resolute response in their prevention of Taiwan to develop its nuclear program at any costs. As this research has demonstrated, during the latter half of the 1970s, issues surrounding Taiwan's nuclear weapons capability had became a serious source of conflict and frustration confronting the already vulnerable alliance between the ROC and the United States.

並列關鍵字

Chiang Kai-shek ； Chiang Ching-kuo ； Chun-Shan Institute of Science and Technology ； Nuclear Test ； Nuclear Weapons