中國與1945年巴黎和平會議

1945年7月，美、英、蘇3國在波茨坦會議中決定設立5國外長會議；同年9月，中、美、英、法、蘇5國外長在倫敦集會，由於英、美兩國與蘇聯意見相左，甚多問題無法達成協議，當時美國國務卿貝爾納斯即有召開和會共商和約的提議，但未被蘇聯接受。到了1945年12月在莫斯科舉行的美、英、蘇3國外長會議，始確定21個同盟國於1946年5月1日以前在巴黎召開和平會議，討論外長會議草擬之和平條約。中國雖為5國外長會議的一員，但因未在對義大利受降條款上簽字，故未參加和約的起草工作。蘇聯以此而反對中國具有祕會召集圓的地位，經中國駐法國大使錢泰向蘇聯外長交涉，才獲得同意與美、英、法、蘇等4國，在和會之中輪流擔任主席。因和約起草工作之延宕，和會延至1946年7月29日召開，至10月15日結束，中國外交部長王世杰親自出席。和會除全體委員會外，另分9個委員會分別討論和約草案有關條款。由於僅有對義和約與中國直接有關，因此在和會期間，中國就對義和約草案提出修正案。此時東西方兩個集團已然形成，中國對於議案的態度雖力求公正，但不難發現常與英、美等國的立場一致。

關鍵字

巴黎和平會議；蘇聯；美國；蔣中正；王世杰

並列摘要

In July 1945 at the Potsdam Conference, representatives of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union agreed to establish a Council of Foreign Ministers for the preparatory work for the post-war peace settlements. The first foreign ministerial conference was accordingly held in London in September 1945 with ministers from China, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union. However, the dispute between the US-UK and the Soviet Union made it impossible to reach agreements on many of the issues raised. The US Secretary of State James F. Byrnes had then already proposed a meeting for peace settlements, which was rejected by the Soviet Union. It was not until December of that year that ministers from the US, the UK and the Soviet Union did meet at Moscow and decided that by May 1, 1946 a peace conference be held for the 21 countries of the Allied to discuss treaties of peace being drawn up by the Council of Foreign Ministers.Although China was one of the five members of the Council of Foreign Ministers, it was not a signatory to the terms of surrender for Italy, and was accordingly not invited for drafting the peace treaties. For this very reason, the Soviet Union refused to accept China as one of the representative countries in the peace conference. But after the Chinese Minister to France Tsien Tai negotiated with the foreign minister of the Soviet Union, it was approved that China, with the US, the UK, France and Soviet Union, could take turns to chair the conference.Because of delays in the drafting process, the peace conference was not held until July 29^th, 1947, and eventually ended on October 15^th. Foreign Minister Wang Shih-chieh, on behalf of China, attended the conference. In addition to the Plenary Committee, there were nine separate commissions organized to scrutinize the draft terms of peace. The treaty of peace with Italy was the only one which had China's direct involvement, and corrections were duly proposed by Minister Wang regarding the terms of treaty with Italy. It was obvious during the conference to witness the emergence of both the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc and the US-led Western Bloc. China had tried to be neutral in the process of discussion, but it was not difficult to find too that China usually stood on the same line with the US and the UK.