胡適的1925年－話語權勢的爭奪與知識分子的時代命運

1925年是中國現代政治和思想史的重要轉折年份。當年發生的「批胡反胡」事件，固然有胡適本人思想言行的原因，如與北洋系軍人的合作歷史及對反帝國主義運動的態度。但更重要的是，在政治化、極端化的學風與世風之下，時人的言行往往會被放置在「帝國主義」／民族獨立、支持「軍閥」／支持革命……等等的一系列二元對立之中，從而將包含胡適在內的一些人劃到革命勢力的對立面。又由於胡適本人自新文化運動以來所建立的在話語場域的地位，及其具體所為與國、共兩黨的主張背道而馳，因此在革命陣營開始尋求爭奪話語權的突破口之時，自然而然地會在各個場域中－特別是政治性場域－對胡適展開攻擊，尋求撼動其在思想界的地位。終於，思想的競爭被捲入政治場域之中，並且因大局的發展而決出了勝敗；惟此一過程中湧現的「不容忍」的時代氛圍，最終形塑了不同派別的知識分子的時代命運。

關鍵字

胡適；國民黨；話語權；學生運動；帝國主義

並列摘要

1925 marked an important turning point in the history of politics and thoughts in modern China. The ＂anti-Hu＂ incident of that year could surely be attributed to the personal ideas and behaviors of Hu Shih himself, including his past cooperation with the military of Peiyang Militarists and his attitude toward anti-imperialism movement. But more importantly, it was because in the context of politicization and extremization in both the academia and the society, people's words and deeds were examined against a series of binary oppositions such as imperialism vs. national independence, support of the warlords vs. support of the revolution etc., which placed many including Hu Shih to the opposite side of the revolution. Furthermore, considering his status in the discursive field he had achieved since the New Culture Movement and his behaviors that ran counter to the beliefs of both the Kuomintang and the CCP, it's natural that when the revolution forces began to seek a breakthrough point to gain the power of discourse, Hu Shih would be attacked in every field, especially the field of politics, so as to challenge his status in the intellectual circle. Eventually, the rivalry of thoughts was dragged into the field of politics and the result was determined by the macro situation at that time. In this process, with the general atmosphere of the age being ＂intolerant＂, the different destinies of intellectuals in the age were finally shaped accordingly.