韓愈〈張中丞傳後敘〉所涉問題析論

An Analysis on Han Yu's "Narrative on Biography of Zang Zhong-Cheng"

郭鶴鳴(He-Ming Guo)

《教學與研究》 17期 (1995/06) Pp. 17-29

https://doi.org/10.6250/TR.1995.17.2

摘要

韓愈＜張中丞傳後敘＞一文為許遠生俘及張巡之死守雎陽極力辯護，其觀點似已廣為世人接受。但清初大儒王船山在其〈讀通鑑論〉中則對張巡在圍城乏糧時下令吃人一事予以強烈批判，而謂之「不仁」。本文即以此為基點，深入探討有關生命尊嚴的問題。指出對於生命的尊重與愛惜乃是一切價值標準之總根據。這即是人心之「仁」的客觀化。因此如果不仁，亦即對生命不能尊重愛惜，則必然不義、不禮、不知。所以即使是為了保國衛家，也不可以平白無辜地殺傷人命，何況是把活生生的人殺了來吃？推而衍之，任何社會規範，色括所有禮俗，甚至法律，假使背離了對生命尊重愛惜的基本原則，都是必須嚴肅檢討的。

關鍵字

韓愈 ； 張巡 ； 食人 ； 生命

並列摘要

It has been widely accepted that Han Yu's ”Narrative on Biography of Zang Zhong-cheng” pleaded for Xu Yuan's alive captivity and Zang Xun's uncompromising defense for Sui Yang City. However, Wang Chuan-shan, a great Confucianist in the early Ching dynasty in his Reading on Tong-jian-lun fulminated Zhang Xun's ”anti-Ren (anti-benevolent)”order to eat human flesh when the city Sui Yang ran out of provisions. Based on Wang's perspective, this article aims to penetrate the problem of life dignity. To respect and cherish life is the criterion of all judgments and represents the objectification of ”Ren (benevolence)” in man's heart. Therefore, anti-Ren, which means the failure to respect and cherish life, will definitely lead to injustice, impertinence, and ignorance. Therefore, even if it is for the defense of one's country, one can not kill people recklessly, not to mention the conduct of cannibalism. Analogically, any social norm, including conventions and laws, should be seriously reevaluated if it defies the basic criterion of respecting and cherishing life.

並列關鍵字

Han Yu ； Zhang Xun ； cannibalism ； life