東華大學大一新生之自述精神症狀及其相關因素

Self-Rated Psychiatric Symptoms and Correlates among Freshmen at dong Hwa University

李燕鳴(Yin-Ming Li) ； 陳福士(Fu-Shih Chen) ； 劉文玲(Wen-Ling Li)

《慈濟醫學雜誌》 14卷4期 (2002/08) Pp. 233-240

https://doi.org/10.6440/TZUCMJ.200208.0233

摘要

目的：早期研究發現國中、高中生有輕型精神症狀的比例不低，大學一年級新生雖然了聯考的壓力，但面臨另一新環境時，其心身健康狀況也需關注。材料與方法：本研究以九十學年度東華大學一年級全體新生為研究對象，應用不記名自填式問卷一份，調查學生的性格特質、日常生活困擾和輕型精神症狀，目的是要評估學生的精神症狀及其相關因素，所得結果供生活輔導中心及青少年保健門診應用，作為規劃相關活動的依據。結果：有效問卷共825份，58.9%是男生，平均年齡18.5歲，「前途問題」、「家庭適應」和「學校適應」有困擾比例不少。整體上8.7%有輕型精神症狀，約6人中便有一人有「憂鬱」症狀，每10位學生中便有1人是有「神經質」或「畏懼」症狀，除了「畏懼」症狀外，男生有症狀的比高於女生，學院間則以「神經質」和「焦慮」症狀有顯著差異。精神症狀與「前途問題」的困擾相關性最高，與「神經質傾向」呈正向相關，與自我接納則是負向相關，「前途問題」的困擾是影響精神症狀的最重要因素。結論：東華大學一年級生活適應有困，出現精神症狀的比例較高，建議學校於入學時可考慮進行身心健康評估，對調適異常者進行追蹤輔導，醫療保健者亦應以生物心理社會模式，來照顧學生的生理或心理上的不適。

關鍵字

大學新生 ； 性格特質 ； 精神症狀 ； 東華大學

並列摘要

Objective: Mild psychiatric symptoms among high school students have been noted recently. After the university entrance examination, these students face another challenging environment. What is the mental health status of freshmen in a university? Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to study the students’ personality characteristics, perceptions of distress, self rated psychiatric symptoms and their correlates. Programs to improve student adjustment can then be considered. Results: A total of 825 valid questionnaires were collected. Men represented 58.9% of responders and the mean age was 18.5 years. Daily life distress of concerning future prospects, family and school adjustment was not uncommon. Overall 8.7%of freshman had psychiatric symptoms, One out of six had symptoms of depression, and one out of ten had neurotic or phobic symptoms. With the exception of phobia, male students were more likely to have psychiatric symptoms than female students. Differences were more found between colleges, in regard to neurotic and anxiety symptoms. The correlation between psychiatric symptoms and distress concerning future prospects was the highest. Psychiatric symptoms positively correlated with neurotic personality and negatively correlated with self-acceptance. Distress concerning future prospects was the most important factor predicting psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions: Freshmen who perceived distress were more likely to have psychiatric symptoms. Screening distress and psychiatric symptoms is suggested during admission to college. Counseling and care with a biopsychosocial model of those who are physically or mentally distressed are crucial.

並列關鍵字

Freshmen ； personality ； psychiatric symptoms ； Dong Hwa University