- 期刊
發展障礙兒童之早期非語言溝通能力
Nonverbal Communication Skills of Children with Developmental
摘要
近年來兒童早期非語言溝通能力逐漸受到重視，被認為是兒童未來語言、人際社會、認知發展的基礎。且不同生物機制所導致的各類發展障礙兒童，在早期非語言溝通能力上，亦呈現不同的發展趨勢。本文整理五類不同發展障礙兒童在非語言溝通能力的不同缺陷特質。普拉德－威利症(Prader-Willi Syndrome)兒童所呈現的語言發展遲緩主要是在發展相對高層次能力上的缺陷，唐氏症兒童主要是在要求能力的缺陷，自閉症兒童主要是在相互注意協調能力的缺陷，頑固性癲癇兒童則有類似於自閉症兒童的發展障礙，而低體重的早産兒主要是在主動性相互注意協調能力的缺陷。針對這些非語言溝通能力缺陷特質的區野，可作為早期療育介入計劃之參考。相關研究進一步指出針對非語言溝通能力的早期介入模式，對於語言發展的提升優於傳統的語言治療模式。因此不同生物機制發展障礙兒童之早期非語言溝通能力的評估，以及考量個別差異之治療模式的介入有其顯著的重要性。
並列摘要
Nonverbal communication skills provide a vital foundation for subsequent language, social and cognitive development in young children. Young children with distinct forms of biologically-based developmental disorders display different profiles of development across nonverbal communication skills. Children with Prader-Willi syndrome display significantly delayed development in high-level nonverbal communication skills, while children with Down syndrome have a disturbance of nonverbal requesting skill development. In particular, children with autism manifest a profound disturbance of joint attention skill. Children with intractable symptomatic epilepsy have features similar to those of children with autistic disorder. Low-birth-weight premature infants display significant deficits in initiate joint attention. The differences in nonverbal communication skill characteristics in children with different etiologies of developmental disorders can provide a basis for specifically designed early intervention. The development of language skills can be promoted more effectively through construction of an interpersonal framework of nonverbal communication skill development than through conventional interventions focusing directly upon language per se. Therefore, nonverbal communication skills are important not only in the evaluation of developmental characteristics but also in the design of specific early intervention programs for children with different etiologies of developmental disorders.