- 期刊
A Fast Screening Procedure for Ketamine and Norketamine in Urine Samples with a Gas Chromatography-Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector
以氣相層析氮磷偵測器快速篩檢尿液中愷他命及其他代謝物
並列摘要
Objective: The rapid increase of ketamine abuse worldwide has created a need for a fast and efficient screening procedure. Currently, there is no commercially available immunoassay. We developed a simple extraction and a rapid gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD) procedure to screen out negative samples. Materials and Methods: Urine samples (1mL) were spiked with chlorpheniramine as an internal standard and extracted with 0.2mL of hexane. Samples were screened for ketamine (K) and its metabolite, norketamine (NK) with GC-NPD without derivatization. Results: The total analysis time was 4 minutes for each sample. The detection limits for K and NK were 5.0 and 5.6ng/mL, respectively. The within-run precisions (% CV) and accuracies (% error) for 80, 240 and 400ng/mL of K and NK were all between -4.00% and 4.75%. A group of 104 urine samples collected from patrons at discos in Taiwan were screened with GC-NPD and confirmed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total analysis time for GC-MS confirmation was 20 minutes per sample. The sensitivity was 10000 and specificity was 97.6%. Conclusions: A simple and fast procedure was employed (60 samples per hour) to extract ketamine from urine samples for GCNPD screening. Total analysis time was 4 minutes for each sample. The detection limits of K and NK were less than 6ng/mL. The precision (% CV) and accuracy (% error) were less than 500. The GC-NPD screening method is rapid, sensitive and suitable for high volume screening for ketamine.
延伸閱讀
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