日治時期台鐵官舍建築平面構成法則之初探

A Preliminary Study on the Plan Composition for the Official's Houses of Taiwan Railway Administration during the Japanese-Colonization

高鼎翔(Diing-Shyang Kao) ； 劉舜仁(Shuenn-Ren Liou)

《建築學報》 32期 (2000/04) Pp. 65-86

https://doi.org/10.6377/JA.200004.0065

摘要

本研究以日治時期台鐵屏東線官舍122戶平面為對象，建立一套形狀文法並發展其AutoLISP程式，用以建構、分析台鐵官舍平面。官舍的引入影響了國人的生活形態，但過去的研究不若閩南式住宅豐富。由於台鐵日治時期圖面之發現，本研究得以較完整地探討官舍平面的構成法則。研究首先回顧相關文獻，從圖面中整理出甲、乙、丙3種官舍及8類甲種官舍平面。按著建立形狀文法，總計有108條則例，分屬7個階段：建立柱間模矩系統、區分「母屋」空間機能、圍塑及變動區位、生成廊道反其相連空間、生成空間、連通空間、排列榻榻米及終結文法。文法則例的操作原則包含了：模矩系統，機能分區，加成、分割、擠出等手法。最後，所發展的電腦程式則提供容易操作的界面並用以檢證文法則例。研究發現日式住宅個別空間之間存有潛藏的秩序，透過模矩系統自由地組合。而台鐵官舍的配置受鐵道路線影響，使環境方位對平面構成的影響減低。

關鍵字

官舍 ； 平面 ； 台鐵 ； 日治時期 ； 形狀文法

並列摘要

This study attempts to investigate the plan composition of official's houses built during the Japanese colonial period. The work includes the development of a shape grammar and a corresponding Auto LISP program. The shape grammar consists of 108 shape rule schemata which can be divided into 7 stages:(1)setting up the ken grid, (2)partitioning off moya, (3)modifying partition, (4)generating aisle and its connecting space, (5)generating space, (6)connecting space, (7)arranging tatami and terminating the shape rule application. They are applied for moduling, partition, addition, division, extrusion and etc. The computer program is named POHADS which offers an operational interface and justifies the grammar itself. Through this study, it is found that an underlying symmetrical relationship exits between individual two spaces. Also, the layout of official's houses is affected by the direction of the railway that may explain why the orientation of the entrance of a house doesn't impact the plan composition.

並列關鍵字

Offcial's house ； Plan ； Taiwan Railway Administration ； Japanese colonial period ； Shape grammar

參考文獻

Engel, Henrich(1964).The Japanese House/ a Tradition for Contemporary Architecture.Tokyo:Charles E. Tuttle Company.

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Nitschke, Gunter(1966).'MA' The Japanese Sense of 'Place' in Old and New Architecture and Planning.Architectural Design.

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