從都市建築管理制度探討因應社會發展變更使用准駁之關鍵因素

都市計畫法與建築法是控制都市環境品質良窳的兩大主要法系；前者控制都市質量得以適度發展，後者則以維護公共安全為主。而現行都市建築空間的使用管理制度，無論是土地使用管制或建築安全管理，多屬規格式條文，缺乏治理彈性，直接影響都市轉型活力與社會供需發展。本研究以台灣六個直轄市的建築物變更使用管理執行現況為研究範疇，透過文獻彙整及專家問卷方式，蒐集具有三年以上建築使用管理經驗的主管建築機關審照人員及受託辦理變更使用執照的執業建築師的意見，以主成份分析法分析探討兩類專業人士對於現行使用管理制度的看法，並以保持環境品質，維護公共安全為前提，找出在現今社會發展需求下，「變更使用管理制度」影響其需求准駁的關鍵因子。研究結果發現，「設置兩座直通樓梯之限制」、「避難層出入口數量及寬度」、「直通樓梯改為安全梯或特別安全梯之限制」、「公共建築物無障礙設施」及「停車空間」位居兩類專業人士認為檢討符合困難程度最高的五項法規，是影響社會發展需求能否順利開辦的最關鍵因素，可做為後續研究建築使用管理制度轉型對策之參考。

關鍵字

建築管理；變更使用；空間型態；營運模式；公共安全；風險控制

並列摘要

Urban Planning Law and Building Act are the two main bodies of law which determine the quality of urban environment, the former controls the development of urban both qualitatively and quantitatively, the latter primarily guards public safety. However, the current regulatory regime which regulates urban building space, either by way of land use control or building safety management, are primarily composed of specifications which are lack of flexibility in governance, results in negative impact of urban transformation vitality and social development driven by supply and demand. This study focuses on the situation of the management of building use change in six municipalities in Taiwan, through documentation research and expert questionnaire, to explore the professional views of responsible staff at competent authorities and architects who have previously been engaged to conduct the change of building use, all with more than three years of experience. To analyse those views of the professionals on the current management system through principal-component-factor method under the premise of environmental quality as well as public safety, we conclude the key factors affecting the change permit of building use demanded by social development. Based on this study, ＂the requirements on two straight staircases＂, ＂the requirements on the number and width of refuge exits＂, ＂the restrictions on the change of straight staircases to safety staircases or special safety staircases＂, ＂ the requirements on barrier-free facilities for public buildings＂ and ＂the requirements on parking space＂ considered by professionals to be the top five difficult regulatory factors to comply with, are the key factors affecting the success of supply of social development demand, which shall provide a basis for the following research of transformation of our regulatory regime of urban building management.