Immunotherapeutic advancements let the patients with chronic renal failure have a chance to receive the renal transplantation and to be relieved from the chronic dialysis. However, some problems couple with the improving recipient's life quality, and one of them is the post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM). Aggressive pre- and post-renal transplantation screenings will effectively detect the glucose dysregulation. Furthermore, through modifications of lifestyles and risk factors, drug adjustments and drug interventions may decrease its serious impacts, especially the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We reviewed articles about the renal transplantation-associated hyperglycemia: the definition and prevalence of hyperglycemia after renal transplantation, the underlying pathogenesis, clinical impacts and the way of early detection and managements.