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腸泌素在第二型糖尿病治療的角色

The Role of Incretin-Based Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes

摘要


人體內最主要的腸泌素(incretin)—昇糖素類似胜肽(glucagon-like peptide 1,簡稱GLP-1),是由遠端迴腸(distal ileum)及部分大腸(colon)所分泌的腸道荷爾蒙。食物會刺激GLP-1由腸道分泌,進而根據血中葡萄糖濃度的上升程度,促進胰臟貝它細胞(β cells)之胰島素 (insulin)分泌,抑制胰臟阿爾發細胞(α cells)之昇糖素 (glucagon)的分泌,以調節降低血中葡萄糖濃度。由於GLP-1的作用依賴血中葡萄糖濃度而定,因此很少會引起低血糖的副作用。GLP-1也會抑制屬於周邊器官組織之胃部的排空(gastric emptying),並且促使屬於中樞神經之下視丘產生飽足感(satiety sensation),造成抑制食慾及控制體重的效果。內生性的GLP-1在人體會立刻被雙基胜肽酶-4(dipeptidyl peptidase 4,簡稱DPP-4)分解,轉變為不具生物學活性的代謝產物。利用腸泌素治療糖尿病,目前有兩種方式可以提升第二型糖尿病患者體內的腸泌素作用(incretin action):其一為施打不會被DPP-4所分解的腸泌素類似物(incretin mimetics);其二為口服小分子的DPP-4抑制劑 (DPP-4 inhibitor)。本文將探討腸泌素在第二型糖尿病治療的生物學背景以及其應用。

並列摘要


One of the major incretins in humans, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), is a glucose-lowering, intestinalderived hormone secreted from distal ileum and part of the colon. Food intake stimulates GLP-1 secretion, whichin turn increases insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, and suppresses glucagon secretion from pancreatic α cells. Because GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion in a blood glucose-dependent manner, it rarely causes hypoglycemia. GLP-1 also increases central sensation of satiety and delays peripheral gastric emptying, thus has an anti-appetite and weight reduction effect. Once secreted, GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to form biologically inactive metabolites. Two strategies are applied to increase incretin action in type 2 diabetic patients, administration of injectable GLP-1 mimetics that are DPP-4 resistant and thus longer-acting, or of small molecule DPP-4 inhibitors to inhibit DPP-4 degradation of endogenous GLP-1 via oral route. In this review, incretin biology and the potential clinical use of incretin-based therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus will be discussed. (J Intern Med Taiwan 2011; 22: 401-408)

被引用紀錄


賴欣妤(2016)。植物萃取物HN242對高血糖引起之腎臟病變的預防與保護作用〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201602766

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