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高血壓與慢性腎臟病治療新進展

Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Updated Principles of Treatment

摘要


慢性腎臟病是重要的慢性非傳染性疾病,可能會進展至須長期透析治療的末期腎病變,且有較高的心血管疾病罹病率與死亡率。慢性腎臟病所致之高血壓,主要是由於腎素-血管收縮素-醛固酮系統的活化所形成,因此降血壓藥物首選為血管收縮素轉化酶抑制劑(angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor;ACEI)或血管收縮素受體阻斷劑(angiotensin receptor blocker;ARB),當血壓控制未達目標時可合併鈣離子通道阻斷劑或利尿劑的使用。慢性腎臟病患者不具糖尿病且沒有尿蛋白時,血壓控制的目標為140/90 mmHg以下;而具蛋白尿之慢性腎臟病患者原則上以血壓130/80 mmHg以下為控制目標。腎動脈狹窄會導致續發性高血壓,以ACEI或ARB作為首選治療;當降血壓藥物控制不良時,才進行經皮腎動脈氣球擴張術或外科手術。高血壓與慢性腎臟病息息相關,良好的血壓控制可以延緩腎功能退化並降低心血管疾病的死亡率。

並列摘要


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major noncommunicable disease, which leads to higher risks of end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular morbidity, and death. CKD related hypertension is mainly due to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, therefore the first line antihypertesives are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). Calcium channel blockers or diuretics can be added if the blood pressure has not achieved the optimal target in the patient. In nondiabetic CKD patients without proteinuria, the blood pressure target is 140/90 mmHg or lower; while CKD patients with proteinuria should keep their blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg. Renal artery stenosis can lead to secondary hypertension, and the first line therapy is the antihypertensive treatment with ACEI or ARB; percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty or surgery can be considered if resistant hypertension under medical treatment. Hypertension and CKD are closely interrelated, and optimal blood pressure control is able to decrease the rissk of decline in renal function and cardiovascular mortality.

並列關鍵字

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被引用紀錄


鄭卉晴(2024)。運用運動訓練改善一位年輕血液透析病人活動無耐力之護理經驗新臺北護理期刊26(1),110-119。https://doi.org/10.6540/NTJN.202403_26(1).0011

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